Astronomy Unit 3: Big Bang and Electromagnetic Radiation

1. Astronomy Unit 3:Big Bang and Electromagnetic Radiation

2. Electromagnetic Radiation and the Big BangAstronomy Unit 3 • Electromagnetic Spectrum • How we know what stars are made of. • The Big Bang • Inflation of the Universe • 13.7 Billion Years ago

3. Vocabulary • electromagnetic radiation: a form of energy that travels through space as waves; called EM radiation for short • electromagnetic spectrum: the variety of forms of EM radiation, such as radio waves, microwaves, visible light, and X-rays • optical telescope: an instrument that uses light and lenses to study distant objects • radio telescope: an instrument that collects and analyzes radio waves from stars and other objects in space • observatory: a building or room that houses one or more telescopes

4. electromagnetic radiation: a form of energy that travels through space as waves; called EM radiation for short electromagnetic spectrum: the variety of forms of EM radiation, such as radio waves, microwaves, visible light, and X-rays optical telescope: an instrument that uses light and lenses to study distant objects radio telescope: an instrument that collects and analyzes radio waves from stars and other objects in space observatory: a building or room that houses one or more telescopes electromagnetic radiation: a form of energy that travels through space as waves; called EM radiation for short electromagnetic spectrum: the variety of forms of EM radiation, such as radio waves, microwaves, visible light, and X-rays optical telescope: an instrument that uses light and lenses to study distant objects radio telescope: an instrument that collects and analyzes radio waves from stars and other objects in space observatory: a building or room that houses one or more telescopes Unit 3 Vocabulary Unit 3 Vocabulary electromagnetic radiation: a form of energy that travels through space as waves; called EM radiation for short electromagnetic spectrum: the variety of forms of EM radiation, such as radio waves, microwaves, visible light, and X-rays optical telescope: an instrument that uses light and lenses to study distant objects radio telescope: an instrument that collects and analyzes radio waves from stars and other objects in space observatory: a building or room that houses one or more telescopes electromagnetic radiation: a form of energy that travels through space as waves; called EM radiation for short electromagnetic spectrum: the variety of forms of EM radiation, such as radio waves, microwaves, visible light, and X-rays optical telescope: an instrument that uses light and lenses to study distant objects radio telescope: an instrument that collects and analyzes radio waves from stars and other objects in space observatory: a building or room that houses one or more telescopes Unit 3 Vocabulary Unit 3 Vocabulary

7. Electromagnetic Spectrum Glue Here Remember only 8 dots of glue! Fold here

8. Electromagnetic Radiation • What are the 6 different types of electromagnetic radiation? • What makes them different from one another? • What type of EM radiation is a rainbow? • They Might Be Giants: Roy G. Biv

9. Electromagnetic Spectrum • electromagnetic radiation: a form of energy that travels through space as waves; called EM radiation for short • electromagnetic spectrum: the variety of forms of EM radiation, such as radio waves, microwaves, visible light, and X-rays

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11. Wavestown Waves

12. Electromagnetic Spectrum

14. Radio Waves • Size: Radio waves range from the size of a water bottle to the diameter of the Earth • Source • Neutron Stars • Radio Tower • Detection • Radio Satellite

15. Austin’s Radio Towers on Mount Larsen

16. Microwaves • Size millimeter wavelengths • Sources • Human Signals UHF TV • Big Bang – Cosmic Background Radiation • Sun • Supermassive Black Holes • Detection • Remote Sensing and Weather Simulated microwave release from supermassive blackhole Cosmic Background Radiation from the Big Bang

17. Infrared Radiation (IR) • Source • Heat From sun • Re-radiation of Heat • Warming effect on Earth • Detection • Spitzer Space Telescope • Weather Radars • Pit Vipers Infrared Cat The image on the left shows an optical view of a star forming region. The same area is shown on the right in infrared radiation. Notice how the infrared observations penetrate the obscuring cloud to reveal many new details.

18. Infrared Image of Boston Bomber

19. Visible Light Photo of Saturn from telescope on top of RLM at UT • Source • Sun and Lightbulbs • Detection • Telescope on the roof of RLM Building at UT • McDonald Observatory • Hubble Space Telescope Hubble and Hubble photo of Jupiter

20. Ultraviolet (UV) • Source • Stars • (Produces sunburns and makes vitamin D) • Ozone blocks UV radiation • Black Lights and Electric Arcs • Detection • Insects • NASA'sExtreme Ultraviolet Explorer satellite

21. X-Rays Auroras of Jupiter Picture used overlain images from Chandra and Hubble • Source • Stars • Neutron stars and from object being pulled into a black hole • Detection • Chandra X-Ray Observatory

22. Gamma Radiation • Size • Wavelengths are smaller than an atom • Source • Supernovas • Produced on Earth from Radioactive Decay and Lightning • Detection • Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope

23. Concepts Regarding Electromagnetic Spectrum • Electromagnetic (EM) radiation is a form of energy that can travel through space. The different forms of EM radiation make up the electromagnetic spectrum. Light, radio waves, microwaves, and X-rays are all forms of EM radiation. • Each form of EM radiation has a certain range of wavelengths and frequencies. All forms travel through space at the same speed, which is 3.0 108 meters per second. This value is called the speed of light. • Stars and other objects of the universe give off visible light and other forms of EM radiation. The eyes and optical telescopes can detect the light that they give off. Other telescopes have been built to detect radio waves, microwaves, and X-rays from space. • To reach Earth’s surface, EM radiation from space must pass through Earth’s atmosphere. The atmosphere distorts or blocks some of the radiation. This limits the usefulness of Earth-bound telescopes. • Other telescopes, such as the Hubble Space Telescope, are aboard satellites. These telescopes can detect EM radiation from space very clearly. They produce very detailed, highly magnified images of objects in space. • Scientists study the data from telescopes. This lets them learn about the distances and physical properties of stars and other components of the universe.

24. Telescopes and their Wavelengths Video: Wavelenths and Fermi

25. All EM Radiation Travels at the speed of light. • Each form of EM radiation has a certain range of wavelengths and frequencies. All forms travel through space at the same speed, which is 3.0 108 meters per second. This value is called the speed of light.

26. Electromagnetic Radiation meets the Earth’s Atmosphere • Which type of EM radiation reaches the earth’s surface? Ultraviolet Visible Infrared Radio

27. Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic Radiation What types of Electromagnetic radiation reach the Earth’s Surface? 1. 2. 3. 4. What types of Electromagnetic radiation reach the Earth’s Surface? 1. 2. 3. 4.

28. How do we know what we know about the Universe? • We know what we know because these inventions. • Collect this data. • Which is interpreted by these scientist.

29. Importance of Electromagnetic Radiation • Astronomical Images in Different Wavelengths • Electromagnetic Radiation provides the data that scientist use to understand the distances and physical properties of stars and other components of the universe. • Scientist use telescopes to detect electromagnetic radiation from space. • To reach Earth’s surface, EM radiation from space must pass through Earth’s atmosphere. The atmosphere distorts or blocks some of the radiation. This limits the usefulness of Earth-bound telescopes.

30. Images using different wavelengths Astronomical Images in Different Wavelengths