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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Introduction. Content. Definition of crystal and mineral What is mineralogy? Major directions of investigation Some preliminary advice. Crystal Homogeneous chemical compound with regular and periodic atomic arrangement Not restricted to minerals - most solid matter:

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 Introduction

  2. Content • Definition of crystal and mineral • What is mineralogy? • Major directions of investigation • Some preliminary advice

  3. Crystal Homogeneous chemical compound with regular and periodic atomic arrangement Not restricted to minerals - most solid matter: sugar, cellulose, metals, bones, DNA Mineral Naturally occurring chemical compound Most, but not all, minerals are crystalline (some exceptions are opal, mercury, amorphous mineral products from radioactive decay) Definitions

  4. What is mineralogy?

  5. What is mineralogy? • The study of minerals • Previously - simple definition • Today - boundaries opened and overlap other sciences • Glaciology – ice (a mineral!) • Medicine (biomineralogy) - Apatite, carbonates, oxalates, urates • Cement industry – non-natural cement minerals • Environmental sciences – minerals formed by waste alterations or contaminated water interactions • This course: • Rock and ore-forming minerals – small subset of 4000 known minerals

  6. Major directions of investigation • Main purpose • Characterize of properties and chemical compositions • Conditions of mineral formation • Economically important - define resources & exploration techniques • Solution - problems with man-made products  Relates to crystallography, chemistry, material science, physics – use basic principles

  7. Basic mineralogy

  8. Crystal chemistry Physical properties Mineral formation Crystal growth Processes on earth surface and in interior Chemical reactions, influence of T and P Relationships between structure, composition, properties, habit, conditions of formation Basic mineralogy

  9. Applied mineralogy

  10. Applied mineralogy • Exploration and ore deposits • Industrial mineralogy: cement • Gemmology • Biomineralogy • Minerals as health hazards • Mineralogical aspects of material science and solid-state physics

  11. Advice • Many new & complex concepts – own judgment • NB - learn mineral names, composition and uses • Useful for practical: • Notebook - mineral descriptions • Geological occurrence and rock type • Features of major minerals that you have studied yourself • Name, composition, distinguishing features, application

  12. AssignmentBlackboard:It’s all done with minerals

  13. QUESTIONS?

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