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The Revolutionary Era

Explore the impact of new British laws and taxes on the American colonies, including the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Quartering Act, Townshend Act, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, Coercive Acts, and the First Continental Congress.

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The Revolutionary Era

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  1. The Revolutionary Era

  2. New British Laws/Taxes • Huge National Debt to pay off: • 10,000 NOW stationed in America • British thought Colonists should pay for the Protection

  3. New British Laws/Taxes • Sugar Act: • Sugar was used to sweeten tea and create rum • Tax on Sugar to make money • Taxes = • increase in price of sugar and rum • A Breach of English Rights? • “No Taxation without Direct Representation”

  4. New British Laws/Taxes • The Stamp Act – 1765 • All official documents required to have a stamp on it – a stamp that was paid for • Affected Middle Class • Artisans & merchants • Literate and involved • Caused Major Demonstrations!

  5. New British Laws/Taxes • The Stamp Act Congress • October 1765: 9 colonies sent delegates to NYC • Petitioned the King to Remove the Tax • The Colonial Boycott: • Boycott of all British Goods • Successful: Stamp Act repealed • Parliament Stated they had the RIGHT to tax

  6. New British Laws/Taxes • The Quartering Act: • 1765: Colonists had to provide living arrangements for British Soldiers • In their homes or barracks

  7. New British Laws/Taxes • Townshend Act: • 1767: Taxed goods FROM GB • Writs of Assistance: • Allowed GB to search homes for smuggled goods without a warrant • Right to privacy in ones home is cherished • COLONISTS ANGRY!!! COLONISTS SMASH!!! • Act Repealed except for Tax on Tea!

  8. Boston Massacre • British troops in Boston were BIG RED SYMBOLS of BRITISH RULE! • Unskilled labor hated them: • British Troops 2nd Jobs • Would take jobs from Colonists

  9. Boston Massacre • March 1770: • Mob formed outside customs house • Mob threw snowballs at the Guards outside • Someone yelled “fire” and the British soldiers fired into the crowd • 5 people died • Sons of Liberty played up the attack • Historical Bias? Paul Revere’s Engraving

  10. Boston Massacre • Soldiers on Trial for Murder • Defended by John Adams • All soldiers released except for 2 • Served Light sentences • British soldiers were removed from Boston to the countryside

  11. The Boston Tea Party • Dec 16,1773: • 3 east India tea ships in Boston Harbor • Samuel Adams +70 Sons of Liberty boarded the ships and sent $1 million in tea overboard • Hundreds watched

  12. The Coercive Acts • 1774: Parliament response to Tea Party • Closed Port of Boston • GB brought in more troops and strict Gov. until tea was repaid Sons of Liberty renamed it “Intolerable Acts” • Historical Bias?

  13. First Continental Congress • Intolerable Acts further unified the Colonists • 1774: First Continental Congress met in Philly 1. Agreed parliament had too much control 3. Agreed to a non-importation Agreement 4. “Minutemen” formed • King George III wants Mass. Under Control! • Tells Gen. Thomas Gage to handle it!

  14. Hostilities Begin • April 18, 1775- • 700 British Troops to Concord Mass. • Secure Colonial Supplies and arrest Leaders • Spreading the Alarm: • Paul Revere and 20+ riders inform the Minute Men in Mass.

  15. Hostilities Begin • Lexington: • 70 Minutemen met at Lexington to stop the British • 70 Colonists vs. 700 British • “Shot Heard ‘round the World” • 8 Colonial Casualties – Colonists lose • The British continued on the Concord • OPEN CONFLICT HAS BEGUN!

  16. Hostilities Begin • Concord: • Hundreds of Minutemen there • Concord supplies/ leaders moved • Both sides exchanged shots • The British retreated back to Boston • Militiamen fired on Redcoats all the way back to Boston • Surrounded British in Boston

  17. John Adams vs. Samuel Adams • Battle of Two Styles of Protest!! COUSIN vs. COUSIN! LETS DO THIS!

  18. John Adams • Born in 1735 • Father • Involved in Politics • Puritan Deacon • Adams family was on the Mayflower • Rise to Prominence: • Stamp Act of 1765 • Wrote and Published on Enlightenment ideas and Stamp Act legality • Wrote “Braintree Instructions” in defense of colonial rights against Parliament aggression • Defended the 8 British soldiers of the Boston Massacre – And Won

  19. John Adams • Philosophy: • Enlightened Thinker • Believer in Republican Government • “Rule by People AND by LAW” • Huge supporter of the RULE OF LAW • Law and Facts do not change – men do • Supporter of Bicameral Legislature and Separation of Powers • THE PATRIOT BY PEN! • Trial of the Boston massacre soldiers in “John Adams”

  20. Samuel Adams • Born 1722 • Family leading figure in local Politics • Mass. House of Reps. • 1748: Began a local Newspaper that criticized British Rule • Became a very popular man among the common people • Involved in Sugar Act Protest

  21. Sam Adams • 1748: • Began a local Newspaper • Criticized British Rule • Became a very popular man among the common people • Sugar Act Protest • Involved in Protest – led many • 1765: Helped Found the “Sons of Liberty” of Boston • Group of Middle class Boston residents who opposed British Authority

  22. Sons of Liberty • Tactics: • Boycotts • Effigy Burnings • Mob Intimidation • Tar and Feather • 1773: Boston Tea Party • SAM ADAMS: LEADER OF THE SONS – THE PATRIOT’S MUSKET • Tar and Feather example from “John Adams”

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