Emerging Adulthood

1. Emerging Adulthood Pregnancy and Sexual Activity among Older Teens and Young Adults

2. The Campaign�s Mission Our mission is to improve the lives and future prospects of children and families and, in particular, to help ensure that children are born into stable, two-parent families who are committed to and ready for the demanding task of raising the next generation Our strategy to accomplish these aims is to reduce both teen pregnancy and unplanned pregnancy, especially among single young adults -Recently changed our mission -We are about child and family well being -If you care about education, a ready workforce, child poverty, family well-being you should care about teen and unplanned pregnancy -Recently changed our mission -We are about child and family well being -If you care about education, a ready workforce, child poverty, family well-being you should care about teen and unplanned pregnancy

3. Our Strategy

4. (PWWTW)

5. PWWTW: What? Cooperative Agreement funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Goal: Enhance the ability of state and local organizations to incorporate science-based approaches into their teen pregnancy prevention efforts

6. PWWTW: How? Produce high-quality, research-based, user-friendly materials Use these materials to encourage states, communities, and national organizations to incorporate research-based practices into their work Go beyond the �usual suspects� and reach out to media executives, state legislators, funders and other opinion leaders

7. Older teens = 18-19 year olds Young adults = 20-24 year olds -Just For Your Information -Just For Your Information

8. A look ahead� Pregnancy and birth among older teens Unplanned pregnancy among young adults Sexual activity/contraceptive use Cost What it all means -This slide gives the basic outline of what is ahead-This slide gives the basic outline of what is ahead

9. Who are older teens and young adults? 10% of the population Overwhelming majority not married Over half are in the labor force -7% are 20-24, 3% are 18-19. Important part of the population -99% of boys, 96% of girls are not married -55% of teens, 74% young adults are in the labor force (i.e. employed or seeking employment) -7% are 20-24, 3% are 18-19. Important part of the population -99% of boys, 96% of girls are not married -55% of teens, 74% young adults are in the labor force (i.e. employed or seeking employment)

10. -two thirds (65%) of 18-19 year olds and one third (35%) of 20-24 year olds are still enrolled in school-two thirds (65%) of 18-19 year olds and one third (35%) of 20-24 year olds are still enrolled in school

11. Why focus on older teens? Two-thirds of teen pregnancies and births are to older teens 64% of pregnancies 67% of births -Pregnancies and births to older teens account for most teen pregnancy and births; delaying pregnancy and births to these teens is very important with respect to their educational goals, consequences for children, etc. -Pregnancies and births to older teens account for most teen pregnancy and births; delaying pregnancy and births to these teens is very important with respect to their educational goals, consequences for children, etc.

12. Pregnancy and birth rates among older teen girls are three times the rates among younger teen girls -Younger teens= 15-17 yrs olds -Older teens= 18-19 years old -Young adults= 20-24 years old-Younger teens= 15-17 yrs olds -Older teens= 18-19 years old -Young adults= 20-24 years old

13. Rates Have Declined Less and Increased More Teen birth rate decline less impressive among those 18-19 (-22%) than those 15-17 (-43%) 2005-2006 increase in teen birth rate greater for those 18-19 (+4.5%) than those 15-17 (+2.8%) -Teen birth rate decline less impressive among those 18-19 (-22%) than those 15-17 (-43%) between 1991-2006 -Between 2005-2006 the increase in teen birth rate was greater for those 18-19 (+4.5%) than those 15-17 (+2.8%) -The slide doesn�t show pregnancy rate trends but between 1990-2004, pregnancy rate for older teens decreased 29% and for younger teens decreased 46%-Teen birth rate decline less impressive among those 18-19 (-22%) than those 15-17 (-43%) between 1991-2006 -Between 2005-2006 the increase in teen birth rate was greater for those 18-19 (+4.5%) than those 15-17 (+2.8%) -The slide doesn�t show pregnancy rate trends but between 1990-2004, pregnancy rate for older teens decreased 29% and for younger teens decreased 46%

14. Hispanic and non-Hispanic black older teen girls have pregnancy and birth rates two times those of non-Hispanic white older teen girls -Pregnancy data for American Indian or Alaska Native and Asian or Pacific Islander is not available-Pregnancy data for American Indian or Alaska Native and Asian or Pacific Islander is not available

15. Distribution of first, second, third and higher births among older and younger teens -There were twice as many 2nd and higher births to older teens (24%) as there are to younger teens (10%)-There were twice as many 2nd and higher births to older teens (24%) as there are to younger teens (10%)

16. Women age 18-24 have the highest rates of unplanned pregnancy compared to women in other age groups

17. Among Young Adults More than half of all pregnancies are unplanned 1/5 of those are unwanted 1.4 million unplanned pregnancies to women age 18-24 each year -Among 20-24 year olds: 58% of pregnancies are unplanned 1/5 are unwanted 1.4 million of the 3 million unplanned pregnancies were to 18-24 yr olds -Between 1994-2001 the rate of unplanned pregnancy to 20-24 year olds didn�t change (105 and 104 per 1,000)-Among 20-24 year olds: 58% of pregnancies are unplanned 1/5 are unwanted 1.4 million of the 3 million unplanned pregnancies were to 18-24 yr olds -Between 1994-2001 the rate of unplanned pregnancy to 20-24 year olds didn�t change (105 and 104 per 1,000)

18. -Only 35% of all pregnancies to 20-24 year olds are planned pregnancies that result in a birth (Checkered=unplanned; Solid=planned)-Only 35% of all pregnancies to 20-24 year olds are planned pregnancies that result in a birth (Checkered=unplanned; Solid=planned)

19. Unmarried women are more likely to have unplanned and unwanted pregnancies compared to married women � of all pregnancies to unmarried young adults are unplanned 1/3 of those end in an abortion To be precise: -Approximately � (72%) of all pregnancies to unmarried young adults (20-24 year olds) are unplanned -Over 1/3 (36%) of those unplanned pregnancies to unmarried young adults result in abortionsTo be precise: -Approximately � (72%) of all pregnancies to unmarried young adults (20-24 year olds) are unplanned -Over 1/3 (36%) of those unplanned pregnancies to unmarried young adults result in abortions

20. Older teen boys and girls are twice as likely to be sexually experienced and sexually active compared to younger teens -Sexually experienced=have ever had sex -Sexually active=have had sex in past 3 months -Older teens: Over 2/3 are sexually experienced and half are sexually active-Sexually experienced=have ever had sex -Sexually active=have had sex in past 3 months -Older teens: Over 2/3 are sexually experienced and half are sexually active

21. Sexual Experience by Race/Ethnicity and Gender Even though Latina girls are more likely to become pregnant than their peers, they are less likely to have ever had sex compared to both non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black teens. -Non-Hispanic Black teens (boys and girls) are more likely to have had sex, compared to teens of other races/origins. -Non-Hispanic Black teens (boys and girls) are more likely to have had sex, compared to teens of other races/origins.

22. Older teen boys have had more sexual partners than older teen girls Girls: 4.2 partners Boys: 4.6 partners -Mean number of life time sexual partners for older teens 4.2 girls < 4.6 boys-Mean number of life time sexual partners for older teens 4.2 girls < 4.6 boys

23. Boys and younger teens use condoms most consistently -Of sexually active older teens girls (81%) and boys (89%) used contraception the last time they had sex however, 13% of girls and 17% of boys used withdrawal at last sex. -The graph shows almost half of boys (older and younger) have used a condom every time that they have had sex in the past 12 months -The graph only includes teens who use condoms as their main form of contraception.-Of sexually active older teens girls (81%) and boys (89%) used contraception the last time they had sex however, 13% of girls and 17% of boys used withdrawal at last sex. -The graph shows almost half of boys (older and younger) have used a condom every time that they have had sex in the past 12 months -The graph only includes teens who use condoms as their main form of contraception.

24. Almost all sexually active older teen girls have ever used a condom -Among older teens, condoms are the most popular form of contraception -Among young adults at risk for an unplanned pregnancy, almost half (46%) use the pill, one in five (20%) currently use condoms, 1 out of 10 (9%) use Depo-Provera and 12% use no form of contraception  (Young adults at risk for an unplanned pregnancy are defined as those adults who are having sex and are not sterile, pregnant or postpartum or seeking pregnancy.) -Among older teens, condoms are the most popular form of contraception -Among young adults at risk for an unplanned pregnancy, almost half (46%) use the pill, one in five (20%) currently use condoms, 1 out of 10 (9%) use Depo-Provera and 12% use no form of contraception (Young adults at risk for an unplanned pregnancy are defined as those adults who are having sex and are not sterile, pregnant or postpartum or seeking pregnancy.)

25. $9.1 Billion annually $1,430 per teen birth -Teen childbearing costs taxpayers $9.1 billion annually; That means $1,430 per teen birth -Annually costs $424 million for older teens-Teen childbearing costs taxpayers $9.1 billion annually; That means $1,430 per teen birth -Annually costs $424 million for older teens

27. -Parents/guardians should talk with their older teen children about the benefits of delaying sex, using contraception, and the consequences of too-early childbearing. Teens have consistently said that their parents influence them the most when it comes to decisions about sex. Adults should not assume that children are �out of the woods� when they turn 18, particularly considering that the risk of pregnancy actually increases as teens age. About 90% of 20 year olds have had sex. Make sure that they know about contraception and the risks of unplanned pregnancy. -Parents/guardians should talk with their older teen children about the benefits of delaying sex, using contraception, and the consequences of too-early childbearing. Teens have consistently said that their parents influence them the most when it comes to decisions about sex. Adults should not assume that children are �out of the woods� when they turn 18, particularly considering that the risk of pregnancy actually increases as teens age. About 90% of 20 year olds have had sex. Make sure that they know about contraception and the risks of unplanned pregnancy.

28. Use Programs that Work -Stress the benefits of pregnancy prevention within the context of employment training, workforce development, and career planning activities in various settings such as high schools, community colleges, vocational/technical education programs. -Make teen and unplanned pregnancy prevention a component of community and state economic development activities to help ensure that more young people complete their education and are employed before they become parents. -Emerging Answers 2007, a comprehensive review programs that work to prevent pregnancy, STDs, and HIV among teens. The report was authored by Dr. Doug Kirby, Senior Research Scientist at ETR Associates. Dr. Kirby reviewed 115 studies and identified 15 programs with the strongest evidence of success. -Stress the benefits of pregnancy prevention within the context of employment training, workforce development, and career planning activities in various settings such as high schools, community colleges, vocational/technical education programs. -Make teen and unplanned pregnancy prevention a component of community and state economic development activities to help ensure that more young people complete their education and are employed before they become parents. -Emerging Answers 2007, a comprehensive review programs that work to prevent pregnancy, STDs, and HIV among teens. The report was authored by Dr. Doug Kirby, Senior Research Scientist at ETR Associates. Dr. Kirby reviewed 115 studies and identified 15 programs with the strongest evidence of success.

29. Use Community Colleges -Community colleges are a great way to engage 20-some year olds�Half (48%) of Community College students have been or gotten someone pregnant. -�First year experience� courses that many colleges require can address pregnancy planning, relationships and childbearing alongside greater goals of responsibility and decision-making. -Peer education and other student run programs can help distribute information on STDs, healthy living and unplanned pregnancy. Further, many single mothers are enrolled in community colleges and these women can help educate others about the reality of unplanned pregnancy. -Through a variety of approaches, such as small group discussions, Community Colleges have an opportunity to spark discussions among students and professors about issues that don�t otherwise get a lot of attention. Study circles can be put in place to analyze and learn about unplanned pregnancy and its consequences among students. -Community colleges are a great way to engage 20-some year olds�Half (48%) of Community College students have been or gotten someone pregnant. -�First year experience� courses that many colleges require can address pregnancy planning, relationships and childbearing alongside greater goals of responsibility and decision-making. -Peer education and other student run programs can help distribute information on STDs, healthy living and unplanned pregnancy. Further, many single mothers are enrolled in community colleges and these women can help educate others about the reality of unplanned pregnancy. -Through a variety of approaches, such as small group discussions, Community Colleges have an opportunity to spark discussions among students and professors about issues that don�t otherwise get a lot of attention. Study circles can be put in place to analyze and learn about unplanned pregnancy and its consequences among students.

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