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Unit 3 Review

Unit 3 Review. Kyle, Megan, Emily, Danny, Michelle, William . Overview-Public Opinion . Public opinion is difficult to determine.

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Unit 3 Review

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  1. Unit 3 Review Kyle, Megan, Emily, Danny, Michelle, William

  2. Overview-Public Opinion • Public opinion is difficult to determine. • Silent Majority- A phrase used to describe people, whatever their economic status, who uphold traditional values, especially against the counterculture of the 1960s. • Chief sources of political opinion (family,religion, information,schooling) • Causes of differences in opinion include a) race and ethnicity b) class c)region

  3. Overview-Political Divisions • People rarely fall into one neat political category (conservative on some issue and liberal on others). • Political Ideology- a more or less consistent set of views as to the policies government ought to pursue. Economic and social division amongst people (Pure Liberal,Pure Conservative, Libertarian, and Populist)

  4. Overview-Political Elites • Definition: An identifiable group of person who possess a disproportionate share of some valued resource-such as money or political power. • Political elites tend to be more consistent in their political beliefs. • They influence public opinion more than any ordinary person.

  5. Overview: Political Participation • low voter turnout comes mostly from people not being registered to vote • voting-age population:citizens eligible to vote • registered voters- citizens registered to vote • motor-voter law- requires states to allow people to register to vote when applying for a driver’s license

  6. Overview: Political Participation voter turnout • suffrage has been greatly extended since the ratification of the constitution • data shows a decline in voter turnout, but this could be from a number of factors • Australian ballot: government- printed ballot of uniform size and shape that is cast in secret

  7. Overview: Political Participation Forms of Participation • voting specialists • campaigners • communalists • parochial participants Political Participation tends to be determined by schooling, age, race, and socioeconomic status

  8. Overview-Political Parties • Political Parties=A Group that seeks to elect candidates to public office by supplying them with a label by which they are known to the electorate • Reasons for differences from European Parties • Federal system decentralizes power • Parties regulated by state and federal laws • Candidates chosen through primaries • National Party Structure today • National convention=They meet every four years to nominate presidential candidates • National committee • congressional campaign committee • National chair-manages daily work

  9. Overview-Political Parties • Rise and Decline of the Political Party • Founding • emergence of the republicans and federalist • Jacksonians:1824-civil war • Political participation becomes mass phenomenon • Civil War and Sectionalism • Era of Reform • Made parties weaker because progressives wanted primary elections and strict voter registration

  10. Overview-Political Parties • State and Local Parties • Political Machine-A party organization that recruits it’s members by the use of tangible incentives • Ideological parties-Principle above all • Solidary incentives- Enjoy the political scene • Sponsored parties- Strong association created of volunteers • Personal following- Work for person wanting election, then disband • Minor Parties • Ideological parties-Most enduring minor parties • Factional parties- Most important

  11. Overview- Elections and Campaigns • In order to be elected to Congress or to the presidency, effective campaigns are essential • Presidential and congressional campaigns differ in various aspects like size, competitiveness, voting turnout, and services for their constituents • It is easier for congressional candidates to duck responsibility than presidential candidates • Presidential candidates, including incumbents, are held responsible for troubles in the government and the nation

  12. Overview- Elections and Campaigns • Presidential campaign requires a lot of money, effective organization, and strategic decisions • Political action committees can give candidates up to $5,000 • General election and primary election • open and closed primaries • In campaigns, candidates deal with position issues and valence issues • Television has changed the dynamics of campaigns with paid advertisements, news broadcasts, and debates

  13. Overview- Elections and Campaigns • Party identification is a main determinant of how people vote • Prospective voting and retrospective voting • The decay of parties • increase in voting a split ticket as opposed to a straight ticket • decline in the value of presidential coattails

  14. Answer Key! 1) Political ideology _t____ 2) Political elite ____j___ 3) Australian ballot __b___ 4) Solidary incentives _m__ 5) Coattails ___f___ 6) Critical election __g____ 7) Position issue ___n____ 8) Plurality system __e____ 9) Libertarians ___p___ 10) Political party ___c___ 11) Liberals ___i___ 12) Silent majority __a___ 13) Gender gap _____k___ 14) Progressives ____d____ 15) Conservatives ___o___ 16) Closed primary ___h__ 17) Political action committee ____r__ 18) Ideological party ___u_ 19) Populists ___s____ 20) Political machine __l__ 21) Open primary __q____

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