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Broadcast Technology RTV 151

Broadcast Technology RTV 151. Telephony Internet & WWW Broadband etc. Internet Review. Advanced Research Projects Agency Pentagon / University relationship LANs and WANs Single location / wide geographic area ARPANET combined with LANs and WANs became the Internet in 1983

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Broadcast Technology RTV 151

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  1. Broadcast TechnologyRTV 151 Telephony Internet & WWW Broadband etc.

  2. Internet Review • Advanced Research Projects Agency • Pentagon / University relationship • LANs and WANs • Single location / wide geographic area • ARPANET combined with LANs and WANs became the Internet in 1983 • TCP/IP protocol (Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf) • Packet switching and IP addresses

  3. Domain Name System (DNS) • IP address 158.135.172.2 • Text-based DNS translates human language into the computer’s ‘phone number’ • TLD -- .com , .net, .edu • ccTLD -- country code -- .ca , .uk (list) • Determined by IANA, Internet Assigned Numbers Authority • Organizational identifier – tamuc , google • Domain names administered by ICANN -- Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers • Buy domains from registrars (Mad Dog, GoDaddy, 1and1

  4. Programs on the Internet… • WWW -- Tim Berners-Lee devised HTML language which led to Mosaic • A browser interprets the HTML • Web page creation... • XML--extensible markup language • SOAP--simple objects access protocol (based on XML • XHTML--another form of XML • VRML • App creation

  5. Programs on the Internet… • E-mail • Newsgroups / Usenet (link) • Chat / IM (AIM, iChat, Meebo) • Telnet (link) • FTP (Fetch, etc.) • Internet Phone (Skype, Google Voice) • Web 2.0 (blogs, Second Life, podcasts…) Video streams (Bittorent, Veoh, Hulu, clicker)

  6. What’s going on today… • Blogs / moblogs / vlogs • Journalism / bloggers • RSS feeds • Podcasts, etc. / newsreader software • New economic models -- Google • Legal issues -- RIAA, MPAA • Other issues • Malware, Digital Divide, charging fees to Internet sites, net neutrality (Comcast)

  7. Web 2.0? • Google Docs (YouTube ‘tutorial’) / Drive • Apple OS X Leopard / Snow Leopard / Lion / Mountain Lion • What is ‘Digital Media’? / New Media -- Canada DMS • What is ‘Internet 2’? • Increase speeds • Spread technologies and applications • Take advantage of digital libraries, virtual laboratories, tele-immersion • What is Web 2.0?

  8. Web 2.0

  9. What is… • Digg? • Stumble Upon? • Photobucket? • Jumpcut? • The WayBack Machine? • The Machine is using us? • Otherwise going on…………. ?

  10. Mobile Computing Devices • PDAs (personal digital assistant – ‘Newton’) • Functions / changes through the years • GPS • Vehicle fixed / portable • Satellite connection vs. most others • Cell Phones • iPhone example (smart phone) • Portable Video Games • GameBoy, Nintendo DS, Sony PSP / music, movies • Ultra Mobile PCs -- Origami / Microsoft (site) • CES -- Microsoft focus on touch technologies • Wearable Computers? • Tablets

  11. Broadcasting vs. streaming • DTV – multicasting • DVB-H (digital video broadcasting - handheld) standard for broadcasting to handsets • DMB (digital multimedia broadcasting) for multimedia broadcasting -- not available in North America • Streaming allows VOD -- AT&T Mobile (MediaFlo), Verizon (ending 12/2012) • Backseat TV

  12. Developing Technologies • 3G / 4G cell phones -- packet and circuit switching • Wi-Fi • 802.11 and 802.11x refers to a family of specifications developed by the IEEE for wireless LAN technology. • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, pronounced I-triple-E • WiMax • Also known as IEEE 802.16--intended for wireless "metropolitan area networks". Provides broadband wireless access (BWA) up to 30 miles (50 km) for fixed stations, and 3 - 10 miles (5 - 15 km) for mobile stations. • WiFi/802.11 wireless local area network standard is limited in most cases to only 100 - 300 feet (30 - 100m).

  13. Why 802? • The 802 group is the section of the IEEE involved in network operations and technologies, including mid-sized networks and local networks. Group 15 deals specifically with wireless networking technologies, and includes the now ubiquitous 802.15.1 working group, which is also known as Bluetooth.

  14. Developing Technologies • Bluetooth • Name comes from Harald Bluetooth, king of Denmark in the late 900s • There are lots of different ways that electronic devices can connect to one another--Component cables, Electrical wires, Ethernet cables, WiFi, Infrared signals… • Bluetooth is essentially a networking standard that works at two levels: • It provides agreement at the physical level -- Bluetooth is a radio-frequency standard; • AND, it provides agreement at the protocol level, where products have to agree on when bits are sent, how many will be sent at a time, and how the parties in a conversation can be sure that the message received is the same as the message sent. (cell phone, GPS, PDA--Starfield example)

  15. Developing Technologies • ZigBee • The set of specs built around the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless protocol. • Name "ZigBee" derived from the erratic zigging patterns many bees make between flowers when collecting pollen. The standard is regulated by a group known as the ZigBee Alliance, with over 150 members worldwide. • Bluetooth focuses on connectivity between large packet user devices--laptops, phones, major peripherals…. • ZigBee is designed to provide highly efficient connectivity between small packet devices.

  16. Developing Technologies • WPAN • Wireless personal area network • Bluetooth and Zigbee • Personal hotspots • RFID • “IBM Uses RFID to Track Conference Attendees” • “New chip promises to track kids from miles away” • Tracks things and people • DTV? / HD Radio • Multicasting channels -- data transmission? • Two way interactivity • FCC approval

  17. Technical changes • Copper wires to fiber optic cable • Circuit Switching to packet switching • Landline to wireless • Convergence of technologies and companies

  18. Technical examples • Fiber Optic Technicians (jobs promotion) • Early telephones (women as operators) • Early telephones (dialing a rotary phone) • (push button phone) • Making ‘free’ phone calls (discussion VoIP) • Skype • Netzero Voice / Messenger / iChat • Jajah.com • Google Voice

  19. Cell Phones • Early -- 2-way radio type service • Phone / ‘cells’ / towers • Ugly towers? • Connects to Mobile Telephone Switching Office (MTSO) • Going to another cell phone in same area on same service, routed to another tower • To another service or a landline, routed to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)

  20. Generations • ‘two-way radio’ style • ‘cellular’ process developed by (‘old’) AT&T • IG -- analog -- 1983 -- AMPS -- ‘advanced mobile phone service • 2G -- digital introduction -- early 1990s • CDMA, TDMA initially in the U.S. (CDMA: Sprint, Verizon) • GSM type adopted first in Europe (AT&T / T-Mobile)

  21. Generations • 3G -- higher data transmission speeds -- switch to packet switching (Interim -- ‘2.5G’ ‘Edge’) • Verizon, AT&T, Sprint & T-Mobile all offer high speed 3G wireless networks. All moving to 4G...but, interim technologies • 3G -- about 3 mbps throughput; 4G about 10 mbps (about 10x faster) • Based on phone AND network infrastructure

  22. 3G vs. 4G • Explanation • Direct link

  23. Cell phone as hybrid medium • Delivery of video to cellular phones is becoming more widespread… voice / data … and • Verizon’s V-Cast service (3G EV-DO) MobiTV service. • Both use the cellular network to deliver the content. • New service and technology, MediaFlo, developed by Qualcomm, uses part of the television broadcasting spectrum (channel 55) to send multi-media content to mobile phones (as noted before). • Allows wireless carriers to offer video content without taking up much needed bandwidth in their cellular network.

  24. What is broadband? • ITU -- minimum speed of 256 kilobits/second • FCC -- 1996 Telecommunications Act: 200 Kb/s bidirectionally • Wired • Wireless • Satellite • Alternate: DTV multicast channels (etc.)

  25. Broadband delivery -- wired • DSL • DSLAM / extenders (digital subscriber line access multiplexer) • IPTV (AT&T: U-verse, Verizon: FiOS) • Dedicated line (no slowdown) • Cable modem (DOCSIS -- 1.0 / 2.0 / 3.0) • Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification • Shared down trunk line (slowdown) • Information service / no open access • Fiber to the home/premises (FTTH/P) • FTTN -- fiber to the node (last mile is coaxial cable for cable & twisted-pair copper for DSL • Broadband over power line (BPL) • Interference • State approval

  26. Broadband delivery -- wireless • Fixed wireless broadband (FWB) (from MMDS) • 3G mobile wireless (4G / pre-4G) • Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) (‘WLAN’) • Wi-Max (802.16) • Satellite • HughesNet & WildBlue (several now) • Latency problem (VoIP, games) “a time delay between the moment something is initiated, and the moment one of its effects begins or becomes detectable”

  27. Broadband today • “Survey Says Broadband To Lag TV in 2012. Forget About It” by: Will Richmond • This piece in recent Hollywood Reporter about a newly-released survey ("Broadband Won't Overtake TV, Execs Say") caught my eye because it continues a highly speculative, and largely irrelevant debate pervasive throughout the industry about future video consumption patterns. • Why's the debate highly speculative? Because truly, none of us has any idea how people will consume video in 2012. There are just too many variables and too many unknowns to make an accurate prediction. • BUT – ‘mobile media’ – ‘Internet TV’

  28. Broadband today (cont) • Here's a point of comparison: • let's say 5 years ago, in 2002, you were asked what percentage of Americans would consume broadband video in a given month? • How many (or few!) of us would have predicted a whopping 75%? (the correct answer according to comScore in July '07). • Better yet, how many of us would have guessed that over 25% of this consumption would be at just one site (YouTube) - a site that didn't even exist in 2002? • Given these examples, who's to predict what 2012 will bring?

  29. Broadband today (3) • Sites like Metacafe.com, blip.tv, Veoh.com Hulu.com etc. driving a whole new category of video that could eventually be a more popular format than 30 or 60 min. programs. • Consumers themselves are driving this "broadband or TV" debate into irrelevance. • They're busy accessing programming on demand - whether "broadband" or "TV" - through a host of devices and services whose popularity is only going to skyrocket in the future. These include TiVo, Xbox, Netflix, Amazon Unbox and many others.

  30. Broadband Today (4) • With the proliferation of available broadband video comes a massive user navigation challenge. Modern Feed launched (4/8/08) (now Clicker) to address this. • Part search engine, part aggregator, with a specific focus on indexing professionally-produced programming, not user-generated video. It's also focused on actual programs, not promotional clips.

  31. Broadband Today (5) • J.D. Heilprin, Modern Feed's founder/CEO: • the company is targeting mainstream users providing the easiest way to find available, high-quality video. • It employs a team of "Feeders" charged with curating the best videos to include on the site. The result is approximately 550 "networks" and 25,000 pieces of content now indexed • ”Networks" is a loose term ranging from traditional broadcasters to indies new entrants like Boston Symphony or Architectural Digest. • Name changed to Clicker • All My Children, One Life to Live examples

  32. Home Networks • Residential gateway (aka - cable/DSL router) • ‘the key device in most home networks’ • Wired (server / hub / router) LAN • Wireless (wi-fi / WLAN / 802.11) • Interconnects all computers and other IP devices • Connects the home network to the broadband connection

  33. ‘Specs’ Technical specifications or standards • Like all issues – establish technical standards • HPNA -- Home Phoneline Networking Alliance -- technology, built on Ethernet, allows all the components of a home network to interact over the home's existing telephone wiring without disturbing the existing voice or fax services • IEEE -- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

  34. Proprietary or agreed-upon? • VHS vs. Beta (home) • DVD-R / DVD-RW vs. DVD+R / RW vs. RAM • SD cards or compact flash cards • HD-DVD vs. BluRay • WMA vs. RealPlayer vs. Quicktime etc. codecs • HDTV (8-VSB / COFDM)

  35. Home ‘hot spot’ Applications? • Multiple networked computers • Computers share one printer • Integration of phone / cable or satellite systems / DVR, Slingbox, etc. with IP • Security system connections

  36. Home ‘hot spot’ Applications? • Control any IP device -- Microsoft has been working with Whirlpool to allow users to monitor their laundry with their home network, computer, TV, and cell phone. • Continuing growth in American homes operating a wireless network, making the US the leader in adoption of wireless home networks.

  37. Wireless security • Wireless ‘cloud’ -- public places • Encryption types • WEP -- Wired Equivalency Privacy • easily hacked -- do a ‘Cracking wi-fi’ or cracking WEP search on YouTubeWireless Hacking / WEP hacking / Free wi-fi anywhere • WPA -- Wi-Fi Protected Access • 128 bit encryption • WPA Personal -- password protected • WPA-Enterprise -- server verified • Evil Twins • Phony hotspots to steal information

  38. What else? • RFID (ubiquitous?) • Smart Home (video) / robotics • Speech recognition • Types: Discrete, continuous & complete • Speech recognition gone awry • Better success demo (click screen when page loads) • Ultra HD video (cinema--replace film projection) • Electronic paper (Kindle, iPad) (e-paper demo) • Wikis • GIGO conundrum? • LA Times experiment • Google docs as collaborative authoring?

  39. Virtual / Augmented Reality (RWWW) • Second Life (promo/commercial) • Google Earth and other competitors • Education, Entertainment, etc. in a ‘virtual world’? • Computer speed, power and storage • How to simulate touch, smell, taste • HMD, haptics, immersive environment

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