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Broadcast Technology RTV 151

Broadcast Technology RTV 151. Internet & WWW Video Games Broadband & Wireless Digital Automotive Telematics Smart Homes IOT Mobile Communication Telephony. Internet Review. Advanced Research Projects Agency Pentagon / University relationship LANs and WANs

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Broadcast Technology RTV 151

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  1. Broadcast TechnologyRTV 151 Internet & WWW Video Games Broadband & Wireless Digital Automotive Telematics Smart Homes IOT Mobile Communication Telephony

  2. Internet Review • Advanced Research Projects Agency • Pentagon / University relationship • LANs and WANs • Single location / wide geographic area • ARPANET combined with LANs and WANs became the Internet in 1983 • TCP/IP protocol (Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf) • Packet switching and IP addresses

  3. Domain Name System (DNS) • IP address 158.135.172.2 • Text-based DNS translates human language into the computer’s ‘phone number’ • TLD -- .com , .net, .edu (sometime gTLD) • ccTLD -- country code -- .ca , .uk (list) • Determined by IANA, Internet Assigned Numbers Authority • Organizational identifier – tamuc , google • Domain names administered by ICANN -- Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers • Buy domains from registrars (Mad Dog, GoDaddy, 1and1, BlueHost, HostGator, etc.)

  4. Programs on the Internet… • WWW -- Tim Berners-Lee devised HTML language which led to Mosaic • A browser interprets the HTML (current: 5) • Web page creation... • XML--extensible markup language • SOAP--simple objects access protocol (based on XML • XHTML--another form of XML • VRML • App creation – OS connection

  5. Programs on the Internet… • E-mail (now email) • Newsgroups / Usenet (link) see text • Chat / IM (AIM, iChat, Meebo) • Telnet (link) • FTP (Fetch, Filezilla, etc.) • Internet Phone (Skype, Google Voice) • Web 2.0 (blogs, Second Life, Facebook, podcasts…) Video streams (Bittorent, Veoh, Hulu, clicker)

  6. What’s going on today… • Blogs / moblogs / vlogs • Journalism / bloggers • RSS feeds • Podcasts, etc. / newsreader software • New economic models -- Google • Legal issues -- RIAA, MPAA • Other issues • Malware, Digital Divide, charging fees to Internet sites, net neutrality (Comcast)

  7. Web 2.0? • Google Docs (YouTube ‘tutorial’) / Drive • iCloud • Apple OS X development, Chrome, Windows • What is ‘Digital Media’? / New Media • What is ‘Internet 2’? • Increase speeds • Spread technologies and applications • Take advantage of digital libraries, virtual laboratories, teleimmersion • What is Web 2.0?

  8. Web 2.0

  9. What is… • Digg? • Stumble Upon? • Photobucket? • Jumpcut? • The WayBack Machine? • The Machine is using us? • A MOOC, Crowdsourcing? • Otherwise going on…………. ?

  10. Mobile Computing Devices • PDAs (personal digital assistant – ‘Newton’) • Functions / changes through the years • GPS • Vehicle fixed / portable (OnStar example) • Satellite connection vs. most others • Cell Phones • iPhone example (smart phone) • Portable Video Games • GameBoy, Nintendo DS, Sony PSP / music, movies • Ultra Mobile PCs--Origami / Microsoft (discontinued) • Recent years -- focus on touch / voice recognition • Wearable Computers? (2 min. video)(now?_ • Tablets / smart watches

  11. Broadcasting vs. streaming • DTV – multicasting, ATSC 3.0 future • DVB-H (digital video broadcasting - handheld) standard for broadcasting to handsets • DMB (digital multimedia broadcasting) for multimedia broadcasting -- not available in North America • Streaming allows VOD – (mobile TV)-AT&T Mobile (MediaFlo)…failed Verizon (ended 2012) –mDTV • Backseat TV (ended 12/31/15)

  12. A parallel development to computers, the Internet, broadband and mobile media History of Video Games

  13. Summary • 1931 Pinball machine • 1971, first commercial game introduced • 2 game market crashes • $10 billion industry • Seven generations of hardware • What’s the future?

  14. Pinball • Bally Manufacturing • Williams Manufacturing • Midway Games • Created the production, distribution, and consumer channels used by video game industry

  15. Japan (Pre-history) • Early coin operated companies established by foreigners • Taito, (Sega + Rosen Enterprises = Sega Enterprises) • 1966 – Periscope • Imported to the US and Europe, expensive • Set the 25 cent price for coin operated machines • Meanwhile, back in the US ... computers rising

  16. Electronic / Computer games (Prehistory) • 1948: Cathode Ray Tube Amusement Device patent for electronic game. Vacuum tubes controlled missiles firing at a target • 1951: Transistors replacing vacuum tubes at university computers. Students wanted games. • Checkers (1951)

  17. Birth • Spacewar, 1962, MIT Steve Russell • Gravity, warp • Widely distributed by DEC(Ditiral Equipment Corp.) • Other games were not distributed (no internet)

  18. Commercialization • 1971: Galaxy Game • Clone of Spacewar • Stanford, 10 cents in student union • Ran until 1979 • Bushnell, Dabney created custom arcade hardware for Spacewar clone - failure... • June 27, 1972 Bushnell/Dabneyfounded Atari Inc. ... meanwhile...

  19. Games on Television Screens (Consoles) • Ralph Baer • 1967 – chase game • Light gun -> shooting, paddles -> tennis • Prototype played multiple games • No sound, used overlays • 3 dials for vertical, horizontal, and spin • Magnavox bought it, and managed to sell 100K units

  20. Pong • Al Alcorn, Atari’s first game engineer • 1972: Implemented Pong • Atari tried to get Bally’s to manufacture it • Machine malfunctioned during demo because it was too full of coins! • Atari decided to forget Bally’s and go into manufacturing! • Many Pong clones competed

  21. 70s Creativity, new game genres • 1974, Tank designed by Steve Bristow • 1973, Gotcha, pursuit • 1974, Gran Trak 10, Driving/Racing • 1976, Night Driver, sit down cabinet • 1975 Breakout • 1976 Death Race

  22. Golden Age of arcade games (2) • 1978:Space Invaders, (Taito) high score, no name • 1979, Star Fire, (Exidy), added high score initials • 1979, Atari Football, smooth scrolling screen, trackball controller • Many Companies entered the business • Konami, Namco, Irem, SNK, Technos Japan. • Galaga, Defender, Scramble, Moon patrol

  23. Maze Games: Pac-Man • 1980, Namco, Originally Puck-man but changed name before releasing in the US. • Best selling arcade game up to that point • First identifiable video character • Cover of Time • 1981, MIT students enhancement kits for pac-man ended up producing Ms. Pac-Man (4 mazes) • 1982, Namco, Pole Position, Racing, POV

  24. Platform Games • 1981, Donkey Kong, Nintendo • 1982, Donkey Kong Junior introduced Mario • 1983: added Elevator Action

  25. Tech • 1976: game cartridges • 1977: Joystick • Vector graphics • 1979: Asteroids, others (but died after 1983 and raster) • Laserdisc • 1983: Dragon’s Lair, animated sequences, interactive movie

  26. 80s • 1982: EA born • PCs, game source code printed in magazines • Commodore 64 • 1983, Snipes, first networked commericaltext-mode game • Maze War (university research game) • Spasim (3d multiplayer space sim), precursor to Doom and Quake • Handheld LCD console

  27. Crash of 1983 • Too many companies, too many bad games • So many ET the Extra Terrestrial game cartridges were left over that they had to be buried in a big hole in NM! • Lasted One Year!

  28. Video game consoles (3) • Nintendo, NES (Famicon), Super Mario Brothers • Gamepad • 8 direction D pad with 2 or more action buttons • 1986: Dragon Quest precursor to RPG • 1987: Final Fantasy, Role playing game • 1986: Legend of Zelda • 1988: Nintendo Power Magazine

  29. 90’s (4) • Rising to match Hollywood • 3D graphics, sound cards, CDs, fast PCs • Internet based distribution, shareware, • 1992: RTS games, Dune II set the std. • Warcraft, C&C, StarCraft • 1993: Myst, and adventure puzzle game • Sim games: Sim city, SimEarth,...The Sims (2000) • Mods, Counterstrike, Half Life mod

  30. Internet Gaming • Multi-User Dungeons • 1996: Quake, FPS • MMORPGS: Ultima Online, Everquest • Persistent worlds, large numbers of players • Java/Flash back to simple games • Decline of arcades, rise of home consoles, PCs

  31. 4, 5, 6, 7 generations • Sega Genesis, Super NES • Sega Saturn, Sony Playstation, Nintendo 64 • DDR • Sega Dreamcast, Playstation2, Game Cube, Xbox • Sims, Halo, GTA, Halo 2, GTA San Andreas, Guitar Hero • PSP, PS3, Xbox 360, Nintendo DS

  32. Future • Where is it heading? • Speed, storage, bandwidth, haptic / other senses • AI • Immersion, VR, Augmented Reality • Holodeck

  33. Wireless Technologies • 3G / 4G / 5G cell phones -- packet and circuit switching • K-bit to M-bit to giga bit throughput • Wi-Fi • 802.11 and 802.11x refers to a family of specifications developed by the IEEE for wireless LAN technology. • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, pronounced I-triple-E • WiMax (ZYXEL) • Also known as IEEE 802.16--intended for wireless "metropolitan area networks". Provides broadband wireless access (BWA) up to 30 miles (50 km) for fixed stations, and 3 - 10 miles (5 - 15 km) for mobile stations. • WiFi/802.11 wireless local area network standard is limited in most cases to only 100 - 300 feet (30 - 100m). • Clearwire bought by Sprint (phased out as separate)

  34. Why 802? • The 802 group is the section of the IEEE involved in network operations and technologies, including mid-sized networks and local networks. Group 15 deals specifically with wireless networking technologies, and includes the now ubiquitous 802.15.1 working group, which is also known as Bluetooth.

  35. More wireless data transfer… • Like AppleWatch, ApplePay • Near field communication (NFC) is the set of protocols that enable electronic devices to establish radio communication with each other by touching the devices together, or bringing them into proximity to a distance of typically 10cm or less.

  36. Wireless Technologies • Bluetooth • Name comes from Harald Bluetooth, king of Denmark in the late 900s • There are lots of different ways that electronic devices can connect to one another--Component cables, Electrical wires, Ethernet cables, WiFi, Infrared signals… • Bluetooth is essentially a networking standard that works at two levels: • It provides agreement at the physical level -- Bluetooth is a radio-frequency standard; • AND, it provides agreement at the protocol level, where products have to agree on when bits are sent, how many will be sent at a time, and how the parties in a conversation can be sure that the message received is the same as the message sent. (headphones, cell phone, GPS, PDA--Starfield example)

  37. Wireless Technologies • ZigBee • The set of specs built around the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless protocol. • Name "ZigBee" derived from the erratic zigging patterns many bees make between flowers when collecting pollen. The standard is regulated by a group known as the ZigBee Alliance, with over 150 members worldwide. • Bluetooth focuses on connectivity between large packet user devices--laptops, phones, major peripherals…. • ZigBee is designed to provide highly efficient connectivity between small packet devices.

  38. WirelsssTechnologies • WPAN (we had LAN, WAN, MAN…) • Wireless personal area network • Bluetooth and Zigbee • Personal hotspots (wi-fi technology) • RFID • “IBM Uses RFID to Track Conference Attendees” • “New chip promises to track kids from miles away” • Tracks things and people • DTV? / HD Radio • Multicasting channels -- data transmission? • Two way interactivity • FCC approval

  39. Technical changes • Copper wires to fiber optic cable • Circuit Switching to packet switching • Landline to wireless • Convergence of technologies and companies

  40. Technical examples • Fiber Optics (how they work) • Early telephones (women as operators) • Early telephones (dialing a rotary phone) • (push button phone) • Making ‘free’ phone calls (how VoIP works) • Skype / Ooma / Magic Jack / Apple FaceTime • Netzero Voice / Messenger / iChat • Jajah.com (closed 2013) • Google Voice

  41. Cell Phones • Early -- 2-way radio type service • Phone / ‘cells’ / towers • Ugly towers? • Connects to Mobile Telephone Switching Office (MTSO) • Going to another cell phone in same area on same service, routed to another tower • To another service or a landline, routed to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)

  42. Generations • ‘two-way radio’ style • ‘cellular’ process developed by (‘old’) AT&T • IG -- analog -- 1983 -- AMPS -- ‘advanced mobile phone service • 2G -- digital introduction -- early 1990s • CDMA, TDMA initially in the U.S. (CDMA: Sprint, Verizon) • GSM type adopted first in Europe (AT&T / T-Mobile)

  43. Generations • 3G -- higher data transmission speeds -- switch to packet switching (Interim -- ‘2.5G’‘Edge’) * 2G currently being phased out • Verizon, AT&T, Sprint & T-Mobile all offer high speed 3G wireless networks. All moving to 4G...but, interim technologies • 3G -- about 3 mbps throughput; 4G about 10 mbps (about 10x faster) • Based on phone AND network infrastructure

  44. Today… • Although GSM and CDMA are often the foundation…also LTE, HSPDA, UMTS • High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) is an enhanced 3G system • UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service) is a 3G broadband, packet-based transmission of text, VOIP, video, and multimedia at data rates up to 2 Mbps. UMTS is based on the Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication.

  45. 3G vs. 4G • Explanation as 4G emerged: • Direct link

  46. Cell phone as hybrid medium • Delivery of video to cellular phones became widespread… voice / data … and • Verizon’s V-Cast service (3G EV-DO) MobiTV service. • Both use the cellular network to deliver the content. • New service and technology, MediaFlo, developed by Qualcomm, used part of the television broadcasting spectrum (channel 55) to send multi-media content to mobile phones (as noted before). • Allows wireless carriers to offer video content without taking up much needed bandwidth in their cellular network.

  47. What is broadband? • ITU -- minimum speed of 256 kilobits/second • FCC -- 1996 Telecommunications Act: 200 Kb/s bidirectionally, • 2015 change from FCC: download of 4Mbps to 25Mbps, and the minimum upload speed from 1Mbps to 3Mbps, • Wired, Wireless, Satellite • Alternate: DTV multicast channels (etc.)

  48. Broadband delivery -- wired • DSL • DSLAM / extenders (digital subscriber line access multiplexer) • IPTV (AT&T: U-verse, Verizon: FiOS) • Dedicated line (no slowdown) • Cable modem (DOCSIS -- 1.0 / 2.0 / 3.0) • Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification • Shared down trunk line (slowdown) • Fiber to the home/premises (FTTH/P) • FTTN -- fiber to the node (last mile is coaxial cable for cable & twisted-pair copper for DSL) … vs. AT&T now with U-verse build • Broadband over power line (BPL) • Interference • State approval • 2016: AT&T AirGig

  49. Broadband delivery -- wireless • Fixed wireless broadband (FWB) (from MMDS) • 3G mobile wireless (4G / pre-4G) • Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) (‘WLAN’) • Wi-Max (802.16) • Satellite • HughesNet & WildBlue (several now) • Latency problem (VoIP, games) “a time delay between the moment something is initiated, and the moment one of its effects begins or becomes detectable”

  50. Broadband today (3) • Discussion over past several years as Hulu, Netflix and others changed how we get TV shows and movies. • Consumers themselves are driving this "broadband or TV" debate into irrelevance. • They're busy accessing programming on demand - whether "broadband" or "TV" - through a host of devices and services whose popularity is only going to skyrocket in the future. These include TiVo, Xbox, Netflix, Amazon and many others.

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