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Ch. 11: Modern Feminism and American Society, 1965-1980. History 37 Summer, 2014. Questions to Consider:. How did the civil rights movement contribute to the women’s movement in the early to mid 1960s? What was “women’s liberation” and what factors/events contributed to its emergence?
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Ch. 11: Modern Feminism and American Society, 1965-1980 History 37 Summer, 2014
Questions to Consider: • How did the civil rights movement contribute to the women’s movement in the early to mid 1960s? • What was “women’s liberation” and what factors/events contributed to its emergence? • What is “liberal feminism”? • Has the definition of “feminism” changed since the 1960s? • How did women of varying races, classes, and religions participate in the women’s movement?
Legacies of the Civil Rights Movement • Equal Pay Act of 1963 • Civil Rights Act, 1964 (includes Voting Rights Act of 1965) • The “Great Society” – LBJ’s social programs to end discrimination and poverty • Civil Rights Act, 1968 • Political attention to racial discrimination overshadowed many gender-specific employment and/housing issues.
Social, Cultural, Political Trends and Movements in the 1960s Students for a Democratic Society, founded 1962 The Sexual Revolution Counterculture (Timothy Leary pictured at right) Hippies Mods Communes Anti-War Movement (mid to late 1960s)
National Organization for Women (NOW) Founded in 1966 by activists unsatisfied with the EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) and enforcement of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Modeled after the NAACP, NOW promoted ideology of “liberal feminism” Focus on economic and political rights soon expanded to reproductive freedom and other social justice issues, including the ERA
Second Wave Feminism, 1960s - 1980 • First “wave” refers to women’s activism for suffrage rights in the early twentieth century • Also called “Women’s Liberation” or the “feminist movement” • Global movement, focused on issues including but not limited to: reproductive rights, rape and sexual violence, female genital mutilation (FGM).
Divisive Issues within the Women’s Movement, 1960-1980 Work, Education, and Motherhood Title IX funding, 1972 Reproductive Rights (BC and Abortion) Griswold vs. Connecticut (1965) Roe vs. Wade legalizes abortion in 1973 Issues between white and non-white feminists Black Power Chicana Movement Lesbianism and feminism Lesbian separatism Disagreements over what true “feminism” means The Equal Rights Amendment Phyllis Schlafly and the “Stop the ERA” campaign (pictured at right)
When Abortion Was Illegal: Untold Stories https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GKd9zWjxr6k (28 minutes)