NEPAD Pan African Cassava Initiative (NPACI)

1. NEPAD Pan African Cassava Initiative (NPACI) N. Mahungu and B. Anga The First High-Level Biofuels Seminar in Africa 30 July – 1 August 2007, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

2. NPACI Fuel ethanol Initiative For Africa:

3. NEPAD STRATEGIC GOALS FOR THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ATTAIN FOOD SECURITY IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY TO ATTAIN 6% ANNUAL AGRIC.GROWTH RATE IMPROVED MARKET ACCESS HARNESS ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR AGRIC. AND FOOD PRODUCTION ACHIEVE EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH HARNESSING AND MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURSES

4. The Pan African Cassava Initiative (NPACI): • Established in January 2004 by NEPAD; • As a means to tap the enormous potential of cassava in Africa for food security and income generation.

5. Transformation strategy The Initiative is based on a transformation strategy that focuses on developing three interrelated components: • (i) market research and development • (ii) technology generation for development and, • (iii) competitive and sustainable production.

6. NPACI approach • Not an implementing organization but a facilitating structure • Networking • Cassava National Task Forces (public and private sectors) • Regional networking trough SROs (SADC, ASARECA, ECOWAS) • Promotion of effective “Presidential Initiatives on Cassava” • Collective action by farmers

7. Commodity chains • IAR4D on commodity chain approach • Food • Feed • Raw industrial materials

8. Why CASSAVA? • Very well known to African farmers • Flexible to environmental conditions (rainfall, soils, temperature etc.) and cropping systems; thus well spread in SSA (Flex-crop) • Availability of technologies for science-based development

9. Why cassava (ct’d) • Good technical and scientific support from NARS and int’l research centers (IITA, CIAT, NRI, CIRAD, etc.) • Recent interest by the private sector as an industrial crop

10. Cassava in Africa (advancing to drier areas)

11. NPACI has set a vision to create a thriving domestic Fuel ethanol industry within the next five years… Key Elements of The Vision Rural wealth and job creation Maximize carbon credit opportunities Sustainable Development Thriving Homegrown Industry Environmentally friendly Energy Self-sufficiency Integrate Oil and Gas with Agriculture …which is expected to reduce the dependence on oil while creating a viable commercial venture at a lower cost of production

12. Investing in Feedstock Production, primary processing & supplies: The Cassava Crop Our Preferred Feedstock: Economic evaluation with three scenarios of productivity: A. Conservative scenario - 30 t/ha B. Medium scenario - 35 t/ha C. Expected scenario - 40 t/ha

13. Competitiveness of African cassava farmers per ton

14. 100% 13.6% 27.9% 40.5% 11.6% 35 29.4 30 26 25.4 25 21.2 17.5 20 US$/ton 15 10 5 0 Traditional Improved Mechanized Mechanized Mechanized system varieties planting planting and planting harvesting &harvesting &improved varieties Empirical data from baseline study: labour costs increased 4 times in real terms in last 15 years • We must mechanize!!! • Don’t use heavy machinery in fragile soils • Promote use of light machinery such the rugged power tiller and accessories Cost Reduction Effects 1 ha/hour /3 persons Manual planting: 1ha/day (12 persons)

15. Investing in the provision of feedstock production support services Production & supplies of Improved planting materials & other inputs … Private Extension services Contract Farm mechanization services

16. In Focus: An integrated Cassava Based Fuel Ethanol For Investment…. • Ethanol - Process Brief Requirements for a typical 30,000 Liters per day plant. • The project - At a Glance. • Sensitivity - Feedstock/ Ethanol prices. • The value chain….

17. The Largest Cassava based fuel Ethanol Factory in the World(400KLPD in China)

18. The largest fuel ethanol initiative in Africa:400KLPD (Crown Agro Allied Investments Ltd) 10,000 Hectare Nucleus Farm PROJECT SITE: 10,000 HECTARES CASSAVA FARM Agbadu, KABA-Bunu LGA, Kogi State, Nigeria

19. Cassava to Ethanol – The Process Brief Feed In Fresh cassava Washing Rasping Partial Liquefaction Sacharification Mash Out Sacharification & Fermentation

20. Ethanol - The Process Brief Mash In Distillation Rectified/ Potable Ethanol Dehydration Dehydrated Ethanol

21. THE EXPECTED IMPACT • Reduced deforestation • Enhanced energy security for domestic and transport fuels • Reduced indoor emissions & related deaths from long exposures to cooking fumes from biomass & parafin • Rural Development • Poverty reduction • Job creation

22. % of Firewood & Charcoal Replacement:

23. Social Impacts & Benefits • Rural/Agro-Industrial Employment • “Energy Poverty” Reduction • Safe Usage for Women & Children (Non-Spill & Non-Explosive) • Clean Cooking Environment (No Smoke, Fumes or Smell) • Adaptable to Existing Wood fuel & Kerosene Stoves/Cooking Practices • Rural/Agro-Industrial Employment • “Energy Poverty” Reduction • Safe Usage for Women & Children (Non-Spill & Non-Explosive) • Clean Cooking Environment (No Smoke, Fumes or Smell) • Adaptable to Existing Woofuel & Kerosene Stoves/Cooking Practices

24. Typical project components of an Integrated Fuel Ethanol Project: • The Fuel Ethanol Refinery • The Nucleus Farm Plantation (optional) Can be replaced with Contract Out growers & Commodity Merchants Supplies of Dried Grains & Cassava Chips: • Waste Water treatment & Biogas Plant • CO2 Recovery & Purification plant • Biogas fueled Electricity Generators • Bio-Fertilizer Plant • DDGs Drying Plant For Animal feed production

25. Ethanol yields from various raw materials

26. Cassava ethanol initiatives in Africa • South Africa:Presently seeking a service provider to undertake a detailed assessment of the opportunities for Biofuel production in KwaZulu-Natal and provide a strategy for taking the industry forward in KwaZulu-Natal.

27. THE NIGERIAN E10 BIO FUEL PROGRAMME

28. The Emerging Nigerian Bioethanol Scenario. • Consumption: • ~12 billion lit/annum gasoline • ~4.5 billion lit/annum paraffin • Replacement by Bioethanol • 1.2 billion lit /annum for gasoline @ 10 % blend • 3.75 billion lit/ annum for paraffin, for complete replacement Investment: 20 Refineries are needed of 200,000 liters/day capacity @ $35-45million US Dollars /Refinery

29. Nigeria • Policy (E10 Policy) on 10% ethanol blend to petrol promulgated in 2005 • Sources of raw material/feed stock: Sugar cane and Cassava • Created the Renewable Energy Division in the National Petroleum Corporation to oversee policy and encourage private sector investments in bio fuels • New ethanol factory based on sugar cane commissioned in 2006

30. Nigeria (ct’d) • Feasibility for two Ethanol factories with cassava as feedstock concluded • Presidential Initiative on cassava implemented (by national partners and IITA) to support ethanol and other industries • 10 new CMD resistant and high yielding cassava varieties released for industrial uses under the Initiative • Introduced mechanised planting and harvesting of cassava in Nigeriawith technologies adopted from Brazil

31. Cassava ethanol initiatives in Africa •  Malawi: Ethanol use in blended petrol (at least 17% ethanol) to promote biofuel • DR Congo: promote, in partnership with international organizations, research for development on biofuel through learning institutions and others. • Tanzania: Informal export of chips to Japan • Kenya, Zimbabwe, etc

32. NPACI Strategy on Ethanol • Develop sustainable and competitive cassava production and processing models for ethanol • 35 – 80 t/ha in farmers fields

33. NPACI SUCCESS Thanks “The private sector” is the central actor in the economy” “The Governments’ role is to create the enabling conditions.”