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Respiratory Health: Understanding Vaping, Smoking & Public Health

Learn about respiratory anatomy, disorders, and the impact of vaping and smoking on public health. Explore respiratory function, disorders like asthma and COPD, and the risks associated with vaping. Discover how to promote respiratory health and prevent lung diseases in communities.

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Respiratory Health: Understanding Vaping, Smoking & Public Health

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  1. VAPING, SMOKING, & PUBLIC HEALTH PREPARED BY KRISTINE JUNG N402L COOPER

  2. Vision: “Healthy People in Healthy Communities” WHAT IS PUBLIC HEALTH? Mission: “Promote physical and mental health and prevent disease,injury, and disability”

  3. RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY

  4. ANATOMY

  5. RESPIRATORY FUNCTION • Main function of GAS EXCHANGE • Diffusion of O2 in, CO2 out • VENTILATION – movement of air • Compliance • Elasticity • Surface tension • PERFUSION – movement of blood

  6. CONDUCTING & RESPIRATORY AIRWAYS • Conducting airway • Filters, warms, humidifies air • Respiratory airway • Site of gas exchange

  7. CONDUCTING AIRWAY • Walls lined with ciliated cells and glands • Mucus & enzymes produced →traps foreign particles • Cilia: propels mucus upwards • Smoking damages cilia

  8. RESPIRATORY AIRWAY • Alveoli – site of gas exchange • Type 1 pneumocytes • Thin, 95% of surface area • Type 2 pneumocytes • Produce SURFACTANT → decrease surface tension

  9. RESPIRATORY FUNCTION • Control: pons & medulla • chemoreceptors • Air flows from atmosphere to lungs because of a pressure gradient • Inspiration • lung expands → decreased P • Expiration • lung contracts → increased P

  10. DISORDERS OF RESPIRATORY FUNCTION PNEUMONIA ASTHMA COPD LUNG CANCER

  11. INFLAMMATION • Body’s response to tissue injury • Endothelial cells, platelets, leukocytes, inflammatory mediators • Vasodilation →increased permeability • Movement of fluid and leukocytes from vasculature into extravascular tissues

  12. PNEUMONIA • PNA: Inflammation of parenchymal structures of lung • SOB, cough, fever • Aspiration PNA: food, liquid, or secretions enter the airway • R. lobe more susceptible • Natural defenses • Cough/gag reflex • Immune system along respiratory tract • Glottic closure

  13. ASTHMA • Inflammatory disease of airways • Airway obstruction & bronchial hyper-responsiveness • Exposure to inciting factor: • → bronchoconstriction, increased vascular permeability, mucus production, airway edema

  14. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE COPD • 85 to 95% have history of smoking • Inflammation and fibrosis of bronchial wall • Hypertrophied mucous glands → excess mucus • Loss of alveolar tissue → V/Q mismatch • Insidious onset Emphysema • Loss of elasticity, hyperinflation, enlarged air spaces, air trapping • Barrel chest • Smoking → inflammatory cells → protease Chronic Bronchitis • Chronic productive cough • Hypersecretion of mucus • Obstruction of small airways

  15. LUNG CANCER • Leading cause of cancer death • SCLC – strongest association with cigarette smoking • Carcinogens in tobacco smoke and other irritants trigger genetic changes that convert normal cells to cancer cells • Poor prognosis

  16. LUNG CANCER Cancer cells • Poorly differentiated • Rapid growth • Can create its own growth factors • Angiogenesis • Lack contact inhibition • Paraneoplastic syndromes

  17. VAPING & SMOKING – WHAT HAVE YOU HEARD?

  18. WHAT ARE E-CIGARETTES ? • Device that heats liquid/wax to produce an aerosol that the user inhales • It is NOT harmless water vapor • Recent outbreak of lung injury E-cigarette or Vaping product use Associated Lung Injury - EVALI

  19. THE E-CIGARETTE EPIDEMIC • 3.6 million U.S. youth • 80% of 15-24 y/o unaware of health implications • 1,604 reported EVALI cases & 34 deaths • Updated 10/22/19

  20. E-CIGARETTES & YOUTH

  21. NICOTINE • Highly addictive • Harmful to adolescent brain development • Harmful to attention, learning, mood, impulse control • Cardiovascular effects: increase BP, HR, atherosclerosis • Nicotine content: 1 JUUL pod = 20 cigarettes • CDC: 99% of e-cigarettes contained nicotine • Found even in those that advertised as containing 0%

  22. ETIOLOGY OF EVALI Respiratory failure • Shortness of breath • Cough, hemoptysis • Chest pain • Nausea • Vomiting • Fever, chills Pathogenesis of EVALI is not known • Many cases linked with THC • Vitamin E oil • Illicit (off-the-street) or informal (friends, family) sources

  23. RESPIRATORY FAILURE • CXR: pulmonary infiltrates, “cloudy lung” • Diffuse alveolar damage • Mechanical ventilation

  24. SAFER THAN CIGARETTES ? Safer ≠ Safe ! • E-cigarettes have lower amounts of harmful chemicals than in cigarettes • Increasing use with non-smokers Cigarettes • 7,000+ chemicals • 70+ known carcinogens • Harmful to every body system • Leads to death in 50% of smokers

  25. SAFER THAN CIGARETTES ?

  26. WHAT WE CAN DO CDC Recommendations Public Health • Do not use e-cigarette, or vaping, products that contain THC • Do not buy any type of e-cigarette, or vaping products, particularly those containing THC, off the street • Do not modify or add any substances to e-cigarette, or vaping, products • Consider FDA approved nicotine replacement therapies • Youth is at risk • Advertising, flavoring, curiosity, peer pressure • Spread awareness • Health teaching is key! • Get involved and spread the word!

  27. Thank you! KRISTINEJUNG@GMAIL.COM

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