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Bell Ringer:

Bell Ringer: . Remember your current event so we can talk about them! Put your current event write up on my desk. . Political Change. Africa vs. Middle East Independence Movements vs. Older, traditional, upper-class or even royal generations. Iraq and Jordan: British Monarchs after WW2

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Bell Ringer:

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  1. Bell Ringer: Remember your current event so we can talk about them! Put your current event write up on my desk.

  2. Political Change • Africa vs. Middle East Independence • Movements vs. Older, traditional, upper-class or even royal generations. • Iraq and Jordan: • British Monarchs after WW2 • Arab Kingdoms • The sons of Sharif Husayn of Mecca. • Egypt: • Army officers overthrow King Farouk, placing Gamal Abdel Nasser in power.

  3. Social Change • Egypt: • Social Reforms: • Took control of industry & businesses, passed laws limiting work hours, established a minimum wage, created many social services. • Nasser insisted that modernization along socialist lines was the key to independence! • Ba’athism • rise or rebirth • Pan-Arab Nationalism to Socialism (mid-1950’s). • Syria, Iraq, Lebanon. • New Generation of Western-Educated Arab Intellectuals.

  4. Socialism or Dictatorship • Socialism or dictatorship?: • For many New Middle Eastern Governments, socialism ends up being the first step towards dictatorships. • Nasser preaches a new brand of Pan-Arabism combined with socialism. • The UAR (United Arab Republic) • 1958- Syria Joins • 1961-Syria broke away, in fear of Egyptian Domination • The only thing Egypt and Syria had in common was their opposition of Israel.

  5. Iran • Post WW2: GB and Soviet Union occupied Iran. • US and GB force Soviets out. • Iran remains primarily British. • The Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. • Mohammad Mosaddeq (MOSH-ad-dek) • Popular Iranian nationalist Leader • Prime Minister of Iran in 1951 • 2 Goals: • Establish a Constitutional Government. • Free Iran from foreign Interference.

  6. Iran (cont) • Mosaddeq’s plan (cont): • Limit power of the shah and strengthen the Iranian Parliament. • Nationalize the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. • These moves Outrage Britain and Iranian conservatives who supported a strong monarchy! • Brittan calls the nationalization illegal and organizes a worldwide boycott on Iranian oil. • 1953; the US C.I.A. wants Mosaddeq out! • Mohammad Reza Pahlavi • By 1960, Pahlavi (the Shah) controlled Iran and ran it as a dictatorship.

  7. Turkey • Following WW2, Turkey’s secular and progressive policies were kept in motion by Turkey’s new President; President Ismet Inonu. (i-nuh-noo) • His predecessor was Mufasta Kumal • Pressure from Soviet Union • Turkey joins NATO in 1952. • Free Elections • 1945 Inonu allows a multi-party system. • 1950 Inonu looses in the 1st Free Election in Turkey • Adnan Menderes

  8. Gamal Abdel Nasser

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