Chapter 4

1. Chapter 4 The Bills of Rights

2. First Amendment Freedoms • Protects 5 Basic Freedoms of the American Life: • Freedom of Religion • Freedom of Speech • Freedom to Press • Freedom of Assembly • Freedom to Petition

3. Freedom of Religion • Prohibits Congress from establishing an official religion in the United States. • Protects Americans to practice their own faith. • Protects Americans from having the government interfere with their beliefs.

4. Freedom of Speech • Guarantees that we can say what is on our minds, in public or in private, without fear or punishment by the government. • Examples: • Face to face discussions • Telephone conversations • Lectures • Radio and TV broadcasts

5. Freedom of the Press • Americans can express themselves in print as well as in speech. • Examples: • Books • Newspapers • Magazines • Radio and TV • Computer Networks

6. Freedom of Assembly • You may gather in groups as long as the assemblies are peaceful. • May attend: • Meetings, parades, political rallies, and public celebrations. • May form: • Social clubs, political parties, labor unions, and other organizations.

7. Freedom to Petition • We have the right to petition (A formal request) the government. • By doing so we express our idea to the government . • Examples of petitions: • A simple letter • Email

8. Limits to First Amendment Freedoms • Slander- If a lie is spoken • Libel- If a lie is printed • When are our 1st Amendment Rights revoked?

9. Section 2: Other Guarantees in the Bill of Rights The Forth Amendment: -The Fourth Amendment protects Americans “Against unreasonable searches and seizures.” -A law enforcement official can search or take property without good cause. -A search warrant is a court order allowing law enforcement officers to search a suspect’s home or business and take specific items as evidence.

10. The Fifth Amendment • No trial may be held unless a person is formally charges, or indicted by a grand jury. • A person found not guilty may not be put on trial again for the same crime (Double Jeopardy). • Accused persons may not be forced to testify against themselves. • Due process • Eminent Domain • Compensation for deprivation of property.

11. The Sixth Amendment • Every person has a right to a jury, a quick and speedy trial, and to be told the nature of the charges that are brought up against them. • The individual may question any witnesses against them. • Every person has the chance to have a lawyer and if a person can not find or afford one, a lawyer will be provided and paid for by the federal government.

12. The Eighth Amendment Bail is a sum of money used as a security deposit. -Measures the crime committed to the punishment an individual receives. -Protects against cruel and unusual punishment.

13. Amendments that protect our rights • The Second Amendment: • The right to bear arms. • The government may pass laws to control, but not prevent the possession of weapons.

14. The Third Amendment • In peacetime, soldiers may not move into private homes without the consent of the homeowner.

15. The Seventh Amendment • Unlike the 5th, 6th, and 8th Amendments which deal with criminal cases, the 7th concerns civil cases- lawsuits that involve disagreements rather then crimes. • The 7th Amendment guarantees the right to a jury trial in civil cases if the amount of money involved is more than $20.

16. The Ninth Amendment • The unwritten rights Examples: -Privacy in our homes -Friendships -Companions -Careers

17. The Tenth Amendment • Under the 10th Amendment, any powers the Constitution does not specifically give to the national government are reserved to the states or the people.

18. Section 3: Extending the Bill of Rights • The Bill of Rights was intended originally to restrain only the national government. • It now limits all government to certain powers and gives specific powers to the people.

19. The Thirteenth Amendment • Outlawed slavery in the United States and freed thousands of slaves. • It also outlawed Forced labor, not including punishment for a crime.

20. The Fourteenth Amendment • It defined a United States citizen as, “born or naturalized in the United States.” • This included most African Americans • Had states grant it’s citizens, “equal protection of the laws.” • A state can not take an individual’s “life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. • This is called the naturalization of the Bill of Rights.

21. The Fifteenth Amendment • No state may take away a person’s voting rights on the basis of race, color, or previous enslavement. • The Amendment aimed to guarantee suffrage-the right to vote- to African Americans.

22. The Seventeenth Amendment • This amendment was passed in order to allow voters to elect their senators directly. • Gave Americans a greater voice in their government.

23. The Nineteenth Amendment • The Nineteenth Amendment protected the right of women to vote in all national and state elections.

24. The Twenty-Third Amendment • Washington DC is the nation’s capital. “DC” stands for District of Columbia. • It is located between Maryland and Virginia. • This gave the right to residents of Washington DC to vote for the President and Vice President.

25. The Twenty-Fourth Amendment • Poll taxes- Required voters to pay a sum of money before casting a ballot. • In 1964, the 24TH Amendment made poll taxes illegal for national elections. • Two years later the Supreme Court ruled it illegal in state elections as well.

26. The Twenty-Sixth Amendment • Set the voting age at 18. It was previously 21 years of age.

27. Section Four: The Civil Rights Struggle • African Americans routinely faced discrimination even after the Civil War. • “Jim Crow” laws required African American and White students to be separated in most public places. • The social separation of the races was known as segregation.

28. Civil Rights Struggle Cont. • It was a struggle for American Americans to secure their civil rights-the rights of full citizenship and equality under the law. • Brown v. Board of Education • It was found that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.

29. Dr. Martin Luther King • Main leader in the civil rights movement • Believed in non-violent resistance • Helped organize marches, boycotts, and demonstrations that caused awareness. • Gave his famous “I have a dream speech.”

30. Ongoing Changes • What we still struggle with today: • Affirmative Action, which encouraged the hiring and promoting of minorities and women in fields that were traditionally closed to them. • Racial Profiling, which is being singled out as suspects because of the way they look.