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Jamestown Massacre of 1622 presented at American History Teaching Grant Seminar November 11, 2006, Gretna, Louisiana. ©Prof. Greg O’Brien Department of History University of Southern Mississippi. Jamestown Massacre of 1622. The Powhatans in 1607 Villages → Social / political structure
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Jamestown Massacre of 1622presented at American History Teaching Grant Seminar November 11, 2006, Gretna, Louisiana ©Prof. Greg O’Brien Department of History University of Southern Mississippi
Jamestown Massacre of 1622 The Powhatans in 1607 • Villages → • Social / political structure • An expanding empire • Power of Wahunsonacock • “Powhatan” • “Mamanitowick” • Exposure to Europeans before 1607
The English Arrive • Virginia Company • Another expanding empire • Goal: • Get rich quick • Reliance on Powhatans for food • Poor choice of settlement • Incorporating the English newcomers • Capture and adoption of John Smith, January 1608 • “coronation” of Powhatan, 1608 by Captain Newport • A new Powhatan district Artist’s portrayal of Jamestown
Conflict & Compromise • Smith’s plan to save the colony: steal food from the Powhatans • 1st Anglo-Powhatan War, 1609-1614 • “Starving Time,” 1610 • Capture of Pocahontas, 1614 • Marriage to John Rolfe • Uniting two peoples in peace Pocahontas, painted in England ca. 1616
Post-1614 Developments • Peace • Tobacco • John Rolfe’s blend, ca. 1614 • Differing views of land use • Christianization • Opechancanough • Powhatan died 1618 • Diseases, 1612-1619 Expansion of English settlements
Attack: March 22, 1622 • Nemattanew killed, spiritual advisor to Opechancanough • ca. 350 English killed • ¼ of total population • Jamestown warned • Disputes over outlying lands • Teaching a lesson • War lasted 10 years 1628 engraving of the massacre by DeBry
Aftermath • Virginia Co. loses charter in 1624 • Virginia becomes a Royal Colony • Peace from 1632-1644 • Major attack: April 18, 1644 • over 400 English killed • Opechancanough, 100 years old, still leader • Captured and killed in prison The future of Virginia: Tobacco