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Soils 2012

Soils 2012. Steven Bradley. Sand [Rough & Fine] Silt Clay. Soil Particles. Sand: Basketball Silt: Baseball Clay: Aspirin. Soil Particle Size. % Sand, Silt, and Clay. Soil Texture. The Soil Texture Triangle. Step 1. Step 2. Step 3. “R Horizon”. Soil Horizons.

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Soils 2012

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  1. Soils 2012 Steven Bradley

  2. Sand [Rough & Fine] • Silt • Clay Soil Particles

  3. Sand: Basketball Silt: Baseball Clay: Aspirin Soil Particle Size

  4. % Sand, Silt, and Clay Soil Texture

  5. The Soil Texture Triangle

  6. Step 1

  7. Step 2

  8. Step 3

  9. “R Horizon” Soil Horizons

  10. O: Decomp & Plants • A: “Topsoil” • E: Eluvial; leeched • B: Subsoil; where leeched materials go • C: Substratum • R: Bedrock Horizons (cont.)

  11. Composition of Natural Soil, by weight Composition of Compacted Soil, by weight Compacted and Natural Soil

  12. The capacity of soils to hold water available for use by most plants • Used for irrigation schedules Available Water Capacity

  13. The depth that roots can penetrate through a soil down to a root restrictive layer Effective Rooting Depth

  14. 3 Types: • Gully • Rill • Sheet Erosion

  15. Water accumulates • Recurs in channels • Can become deep Gully Erosion

  16. Numerous and random • Small • Usually occurs on recently cultivated soil Rill Erosion

  17. Uniform • Thin layers • Usually by rainfall Sheet Erosion

  18. Wet enough to promote plant growth • Indicates wetlands Hydric Soils

  19. ACEMOR • Alluvium [streams] • Colluvium [gravity] • Eolian [wind] • Marine Sediments [sea/tide] • Organic Deposits [decomposition] • Residuum [bedrock] Parent Materials

  20. Parent Material • Climate • Living Organisms • Landscape Position • Time Soil Forming Factors

  21. Additions [organic, deposits] • Losses [Leeching, erosion] • Translocations [water] • Transformations [i.e. rust] Soil Formation

  22. Yield per acre • Irrigated & NonIrrigated Soil Productivity

  23. Infiltration • Percolation • Permiation Water Movement

  24. Organic matter = Dark • Iron = Brown-Yellow-Red • Oxidation = Blue/Green • Brown/Gray = Wet, Saturated Soil Color

  25. Granular [spherical] • Platy [laminated] • Blocky [cube] • Columnar [rounded top] • Prismatic [vertical] Structure

  26. Soils act like… • Sponges • Faucets • Supermarkets • Filters • Traps Soil Functions

  27. Unoccupied spaces in soil • Clay: Not very porous • Sand: Very porous Porosity

  28. Quality of soil that allows movement Permeability

  29. Munsell

  30. Losing all/part of the upper soil horizon Truncation

  31. Underground supplies of water Water Table

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