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16.2 Essential Question ( EQ ): >> Portfolio p92 <<

16.2 Essential Question ( EQ ): >> Portfolio p92 << What was life like for soldiers during the Civil War?. Copy the following chart on Portfolio p91. CHAPTER 16 – THE CIVIL WAR BEGINS Section 2 – Life in the Army.

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16.2 Essential Question ( EQ ): >> Portfolio p92 <<

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  1. 16.2Essential Question (EQ): >> Portfolio p92 << What was life like for soldiers during the Civil War?

  2. Copy the following chart on Portfolio p91

  3. CHAPTER 16 – THE CIVIL WAR BEGINSSection 2 – Life in the Army Today we will discuss Civil War soldiers, their military training, and the hardships of army life.

  4. What is hygiene? Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that promote health.

  5. What is drill?

  6. What’s the difference between infantryandcavalry?

  7. What We Already Know The Confederate victory at the Battle of Bull Run thrilled the South.

  8. What We Already Know Lincoln sent the 90-day militias home and called for a real army of 500,000 volunteers for three years.

  9. What We Already Know Volunteers rushed to enlist on both sides, many fearing the war would be over before they could join the fight.

  10. Those Who Fought • 18-30-year-olds • About half on both sides were farmers. • Many were immigrants, especially from Germany and Ireland. • African Americans saw the war as a way to end slavery. • At first neither the North nor the South accepted blacks into their armies. • Native Americans served on both sides.

  11. Those Who Fought • Why did 2 million soldiers serve the Union, and almost 1 million serve the Confederacy? • Adventure and glory • Escape from boredom • Friends and neighbors were volunteering. • Recruitment money • Loyalty to their country or state • For blacks, to end slavery

  12. 13. What kind of men fought in the Civil War? • Most were 18-30 years old. • Many were immigrants. • Most were farmers. • Many were either slave owners or abolitionists. • Many were free blacks. Choose all that are true!

  13. 13. What kind of men fought in the Civil War? • Most were 18-30 years old. • Many were immigrants. • Most were farmers. • Many were either slave owners or abolitionists. • Many were free blacks. Choose all that are true!

  14. 13. What kind of men fought in the Civil War? • Most were 18-30 years old. • Many were immigrants. • Most were farmers. • Many were either slave owners or abolitionists. • Many were free blacks. Choose all that are true!

  15. 13. What kind of men fought in the Civil War? • Most were 18-30 years old. • Many were immigrants. • Most were farmers. • Many were either slave owners or abolitionists. • Many were free blacks. Choose all that are true!

  16. Why did men enlist in the army during the Civil War? Choose the one that is NOT true!

  17. Why did men enlist in the army during the Civil War? • Many African Americans wanted to fight in the war as a way to end slavery. • Many enlistees hated what the other side stood for, and wanted to kill as many enemy soldiers as possible. • Some farmers and factory workers saw the war as an adventurous way to escape a life of boredom. • Some fought out of loyalty to their nation or belief in its cause. • Some enlisted to get the recruitment money offered by both sides. Choose the one that is NOT true!

  18. Why did men enlist in the army during the Civil War? • Many African Americans wanted to fight in the war as a way to end slavery. • Many enlistees hated what the other side stood for, and wanted to kill as many enemy soldiers as possible. • Some farmers and factory workers saw the war as an adventurous way to escape a life of boredom. • Some fought out of loyalty to their nation or belief in its cause. • Some enlisted to get the recruitment money offered by both sides. Choose the one that is NOT true!

  19. Turning Civilians into Soldiers • Lived in tents and log huts • Heavily scheduled day of drill and duties • Guard duty, wood cutting, digging latrines, etc. • Problems with uniforms • Food and supply problems

  20. Hardships of Army Life Both Union and Confederate soldiers endured hunger, cold, dirty living conditions, constant sickness, poor medical treatment, and bad hygiene.

  21. Hardships of Army Life • Soldiers exposed to the weather • Unsanitary camps • Weeks between baths and clean clothes • Lice and fleas spread disease • Poor hygiene led to illness • Contaminated food and water • Poor medical care • More than twice as many soldiers died from disease than battle wounds.

  22. So, why?

  23. Antibioticsandantisepticsdid not exist yet.

  24. The problem was not a lack of knowledge about sterilization and cleanliness, it was the ability to stay sterile and have clean water for drinking, laundry, bandages, and sterilizing hands and instruments. * Water,or the lack of cleanwater, was the MAIN culprit.

  25. Both Northern and Southern soldiers alike had to endure all the following EXCEPT • boredom and hunger. • cold, dirty living conditions. • constant sickness. • poor medical treatment. • incompetent military leadership.

  26. Both Northern and Southern soldiers alike had to endure all the following EXCEPT • boredom and hunger. • cold, dirty living conditions. • constant sickness. • poor medical treatment. • incompetent military leadership.

  27. What was the main cause of death in the Civil War? • Suicide • The Minié ball • Snakebite • Disease • Ironclads

  28. What was the main cause of death in the Civil War? • Suicide • The Minié ball • Snakebite • Disease • Ironclads

  29. 15. Why was disease the main cause of death in the Civil War? • poor diet • contaminated water and food • exposure to cold and rain • unsanitary conditions • intentional exposure to germs by the enemy Choose the one that is NOT true!

  30. 15. Why was disease the main cause of death in the Civil War? • poor diet • contaminated water and food • exposure to cold and rain • unsanitary conditions • intentional exposure to germs by the enemy Choose the one that is NOT true!

  31. Changes in Military Technology • Rifles • Minié balls • Ironclads

  32. Changes in Military Technology A rifle is a gun with a grooved barrel that causes a bullet to spin through the air, giving the bullet more distance and accuracy.

  33. Accuracy of the old style smoothbore muskets had an effective range of 75-100 yards…The newerrifles had an effective range of 500+ yards.

  34. Musket ROUND Ball – accurate range 75-100 Yards Rifle Musket MINIE Ball – accurate range 400+ Yards

  35. Changes in Military Technology

  36. Changes in Military Technology A minié ball is a bullet with a hollow base, which expands upon firing to fit the grooves in the rifle barrel.

  37. 75% of soldiers who received an amputation survived

  38. Woundedbyminie ball

  39. Minie ball bone damage

  40. chloroformwas standard issue for every doctor. The use of chloroform allowed for doctors to successfully amputate with the patient unconscious.

  41. Changes in Military Technology • Tactics like cavalry charges and infantry assaults didn’t work as well as before. • The increased range and accuracy of the rifle allowed defenders to shoot charging attackers before they could reach their position.

  42. Changes in Military Technology An ironclad is a wooden warship covered with iron plates.

  43. CSA Iron Clad in battle with USN ‘wooden’ frigate

  44. USS Monitor andCSS Virginia

  45. Turret: 8 layers of 1 inch iron-plates all bolted ogether…9 feet tall

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