Age of Change, Part 2

1. Age of Change, Part 2 Global Regents Review #5

2. Age of Absolutism • As the era of Feudalism came to an end, kings and queens began to _____________________ their power. More and more they refused to rely on their lords for assistance in leading, controlling all of society. Because of this, they became __________________. To help justify their rule, many monarchs followed the idea of ____________________, which is a God-given right to rule. This helped to prevent the lower classes (God-fearing people) from rebelling against them. consolidate Absolute monarchs Divine right

3. Louis XIV • The man who epitomized Absolute Monarchs was ____________ of France. He was nicknamed the “Sun King” because of the extravagance that he lived by. He also authorized the building of the Palace of __________________, which symbolized the opulence of Absolute Monarchs. He also had centralized authority over French society, making all ____________ and ______________ decisions. Versailles economic political

4. Peter the Great • The man who came to symbolize absolute monarchy in Russia was _______________________. Peter was educated in the West and was fascinated with western culture. Therefore, he forced all Russians to ______________, making them dress in European-style clothing. He also encouraged scholars to come to Russia and help educate the Russian people. He also constructed the city of _______________________, basing it on the cities of Western Europe. westernize St. Petersburg

5. Several other nations and regions had absolute monarchies: The Ottoman Empire had _________________________________, who centralized the authority of the Ottomans, becoming perhaps their best ruler. In India, the Mughal Dynasty was led by ______________________. Often times, he led through representatives in the different regions; however, final authority rested with him. Suleimann the Magnificent Ackbar the Great

6. The Scientific Revolution • Growing out of the ideas of the Renaissance, scientific achievement began to grow. Perhaps the most important invention ever, the _____________________, altered how people communicated. Because of this, scientists shared _____, which helped them build off each other’s ideas. • As with the Protestant Reformation, the Scientific Revolution challenged the authority of the ____________________. ____________________ became the symbol of the church’s response. Because Galileo published a work disputing the Earth-centered universe, the Church ______________ him, and he lived his life out in shame. Roman Catholic Church printing press Galileo Galilei ideas excommunicated

7. However, Galileo was just one of many scientists who made discoveries during this period: ___________________ and ________________ are two men who helped structure Galileo’s ideas, and ________________ developed modern calculus and the theory of gravity during this period. • This era of open discussions between people set the stage for future movements. Scientists theorized that people have the ability to _________________ and make ________________ for themselves. Copernicus think Kepler choices Issac Newton

8. The Enlightenment • Time period where the ideas of Humanism are applied to ______________________, and they answered the question of “____________________?” • Thomas Hobbes write a book titled Leviathan and in it he promoted the idea of a __________________, where citizens give up some freedoms for security. He also felt that society needed a leader who did not share power with anyone. government Who has the power to rule social contract

9. However, Hobbes’ ideas were overshadowed by those of his contemporary, ______________________. Locke wrote a book titled Two Treatises of Government, which basically stated that the power to govern comes from the citizens who grant it. Locke stated that all human are born with _______________________: life, liberty, and property. Using these three rights, Locke believed people can make correct _______________, especially when it comes to whom we allow to rule us. Locke also believed that if a government is denying citizens’ their natural rights, citizens have the right to _________________ that government. John Locke natural rights decisions remove

10. printing press • Locke’s ideas fueled other Enlightenment writers: Montesquieu created the concept of ___________________ and, even though he advocated for a single government authority, Voltaire felt that freedom of ________________ was a key idea for citizens to have. • These ideas, fueled by the ____________________, made it to the masses, and inspired both the __________________ and ____________________ revolutions. separation of powers American French religion