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How do we move students on from translating sentences to paragraphs?

Lost in Translation?. How do we move students on from translating sentences to paragraphs?. Latin at The Westgate School. Y9, (2 nd language, missing PE or ICT), 1 hour per week, CLC Book I Y10 Autumn and Spring terms, 2 hours per week, Book II, stages 13 – 20.

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How do we move students on from translating sentences to paragraphs?

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  1. Lost in Translation? How do we move students on from translating sentences to paragraphs?

  2. Latin at The Westgate School • Y9, (2nd language, missing PE or ICT), 1 hour per week, CLC Book I • Y10 Autumn and Spring terms, 2 hours per week, Book II, stages 13 – 20. • Y10 Summer term, 1 hour Lang, 1 hour Lit. CLC Book III, start Set texts. • Y11 Autumn, Spring and Summer terms, 1 hour Lang, 1 hour Lit. CLC Books III to complete plus selected Book IV.

  3. Growing sentences: (CLC Stage 9) coquuscenamparabat. coquuslaetuscenamparabat. coquuslaetuscenamoptimamparabat. coquuslaetuscenamoptimamin culinaparabat. coquuslaetuscenamoptimamQuinto in culinaparabat. coquuslaetuscenamoptimamQuintoet amicis in culinaparabat. coquuslaetuscenamoptimamQuinto et amicis in culinaparabat,quod Quintus diem natalemcelebrabat.

  4. Growing sentences, the challenge:give a mark for each word used correctly – builds the idea that every word needs to be accounted for in accurate translation. mercator tunicas novas Metellae et ancillae in taberna ostendebat, quod mater donum filio quaerebat. (14 marks) in arena gladiatores optimi leones feroces facile superaverunt, quod leones fessi erant et gladiatores non petebant. (16 marks)

  5. Thingummy whatsits At this stage pupils may have a good grasp of simple sentence structure, but stumble over vocabulary. Sulla, postquam denarios accepit, titulum in muro scripsit. Sulla, after he accepteda thingummy, wrote whateverin the doodah?

  6. Focus on endings: odd one out was/were doing, incomplete action -bat -bant imperfect -it -erunt did, completed action perfect Listen to the story Give the signals when you hear imperfect or perfect tense endings Imperfect – flowing wave, incomplete Perfect – clap once, completed

  7. Focus on endings: odd one out recitavit recitabat recitavi recitat recito ambulat vidit sedet sedent spectabat discesserunt agunt dicis sum es habitas mare naves navigabat nautae puer servus dominus puellae actores senes gladiatores canis femina miles villam puer Choose an odd one out and give a reason. There may be more than one strong answer. Accept anything pupils can justify. Pupils then set their own challenge to partner/class.

  8. Singular or plural subject?Activity: He/she or they? • Mini w/boards, or devise a signal – fingers, arms, one pen, two pencils in the other… • Read phrases (or just verbs), class listen for ‘t’ or ‘nt’. • Pupils make up 3 challenges of their own. per viam ambulant. in arena fortiter pugnavit. hostes barbaros superabat. ‘fessi sumus,’ dixerunt. in templo habitabat feles. epistolam matri scripserunt. magnos dentes canum timebant. territi erant. trans montes milites duxit. cenam optimam consumpserant.

  9. Clauses …if they understand clauses, they’re almost home and dry What is the difference between a Cicero speech and a pussycat? Cicero has pauses at the end of his clauses ....

  10. Try them in English first Cinderella, (relative clause) who was more beautiful than her sisters, after her fairy godmother appeared, (postquam clause) (ablative absolute) a dress having been made by magic, (quod clause) because her fairy god-mother had special powers, (cum clause ) when she had done her nails, hair and lashes, (purpose clause) in order to dazzle Prince Charming, …went to the ball.

  11. WJEC May 2012 9521 Hannibalmilites in Galliamduxit. Hannibal sexagintamiliamilitumin Galliamduxit. Hannibalsexagintamiliamilitum, cum multiselephantis trans montes, in Galliamduxit. Hannibal, postquamfratremHasdrubalemreliquit, sexagintamiliamilitum, cum multiselephantis trans montes, in Galliamduxit. Hannibal, postquamfratremHasdrubalemreliquitutHispaniamdefenderet, sexagintamiliamilitum, cum multiselephantis trans montes, in Galliamduxit.

  12. Ablative Absolutes are difficult to phrase in English servo laudato, dominus e villa discessit. ..... the master left the house The slave having been praised, After the slave had been praised, After he had praised the slave, When the slave had been praised, urbecapta, militesomnesdomosdeleverunt. villa antiquavendita, servivillamnovampurgaverunt. cena a servis incensa, dominus in taberna cenavit. canibus in vialatrantibus, pueri in ludum festinaverunt.

  13. Numbered text Give pupils 2 minutes to copy and number their preferred translation order. Then they come to the board and add it. vero! minime! etiam Pompeius, qui paucis antea annis amicus Caesaris fuerat, legatum a Caesare missum audire noluit. etiamPompeius, qui paucisanteaannis amicus Caesarisfuerat, legatum a Caesaremissumaudirenoluit. Caesar legionessuas ad flumenRubiconemduxit; alteraripafluminis in Italia iacebat. ibimanebat, cogitans quid faceredeberet. dum in ripasedet, subito homo ingens et pulchereiappropinquavit, harundinecanens. tam benecanebatutmox multi militesfestinarent ad eumaudiendum. tum homo, tuba abuno ex militibusrapta, in flumendescendit. classicumcanens in alteramripamtransiit. Caesar suisimperavitutsignumdeorumsequerentur.

  14. Analysis of text: read and pick out … • Sentence 1 Subject? • Main verb? • Ut clause – what kind of ‘ut’ is it? • An extra detail about the subject? • Sentence 2 Scan the sentence to find a nominative - the subject? • verb for that subject? • object of the verb? • quod clause with an easy main verb? • reason for this? (linked to the main clause?) Britannicus cum familia et amicis sedebat ut cenam consumeret. quod semper timebat ne aliquis se interficere conaretur, unus ex servis omnem cibum vinumque gustavit, priusquam Britannico data sunt. Now translate the rest…

  15. After at first failing to kill Britannicus, Nero makes a successful second attempt. Britannicus cum familia et amicissedebatutcenamconsumeret. quod semper timebat ne aliquis se interficereconaretur, unus ex servisomnemcibumvinumquegustavit, priusquam Britannico data sunt. ubi poculum vini nimis calidi, in quod nullum venenumpositumerat, ei datum est, Britannicusiussitservumaquamfrigidam vino addere. in hac aqua fuitvenenum, validius quam antea; quod per totum corpus tam celeriterpervasitutvox et spiritusstatimraperentur. omnesNeronemspectabant: Agrippina sola, quae filiumsuumbenecognoverat, intellexitBritannicumiammori. Vocabulary familia, familiae(f) family gusto, gustare, gustavi, gustatus I taste poculum, poculi(n) cup nimistoo calidus, calida, calidumhot venenum, veneni(n) poison frigidus, frigida, frigidumcold addo, addere, addidi, additus I add validus, valida, validumstrong pervado, pervadere, pervasi I spread spiritus, spiritus(m) breath

  16. Collaboration: translation is ideal for group work • Give each pupil a copy of a short text. • They read alone, and may ask for I item of vocabulary per head during this time. • Next get into groups and produce best possible translation in 10 minutes. • Swap versions, compare, write(they write) fair copy on the board.

  17. Two travelling companions, Aristomenes and Socrates, were attacked in the night by witches duo viri, Aristomenes et Socrates nomine, per Graeciam forte iterfaciebant. ubi ad urbemvenerunt, in tabernanoctemanebant. in eodemcubiculodormiebant. subito media nocte, ianuacubiculi magna vi fracta, duaefeminaeintraverunt. haefeminaesagaeerant. ianua in lectumAristomenisdecidit; Aristomenes ipse iam sub lecto se celavit. illefeminasSocratiappropinquantesspectavit. alterafacem, alteragladiumportabat. vis (abl. vi) (f) force fracta (from frango) break saga, sagae (f) witch lectus, lecti (m) bed alter … alter one … the other fax, facis (f) torch

  18. Drill 3rd person sing./plural of key verbs thoroughly: cape murem ‘What did he do?’ ‘What did they do?’ maluit venit advenit rediit interfecit voluit progressus est conatus est locutus est miserunt dederunt dixerunt duxerunt constituerunt sustulerunt iter fecerunt ceperunt potuerunt misit dedit dixit duxit constituit sustulit iter fecit cepit potuit maluerunt venerunt advenerunt redierunt interfecerunt voluerunt progressi sunt conati sunt locuti sunt

  19. Vocabulary groups – no substitute for learning, priusquam statim subito cotidie tamen igitur tandem enim nisi simulac antequam semper

  20. Trips and traps … More practice with confusing pairs of verbs … amitto-ere-amisi-amissum : mitto-ere-misi-missum : amitto-ere-amisi-amissum : lose mitto-ere-misi-missum : send debeo, debere, debui: must/owe do, dare, dedi, datus : give debeo, debere, debui: do, dare, dedi, datus : constituo-ere-constitui-constitutum : consisto-ere-constiti : constituo-ere-constitui-constitutum : decide consisto-ere-constiti : stop, halt oppugno: pugno : oppugno: attack pugno : fight. reddo-reddere-reddidi-reditum: redeo-redire-redii-reditum : reddo-reddere-reddidi-reditum: give back redeo-redire-redii-reditum : go back. cogo-cogere-coegi-coactum: force cogito-cogitare-cogitavi-cogitatum : think. cogo-cogere-coegi-coactum: cogito-cogitare-cogitavi-cogitatum :

  21. VILE VERBS • These all begin with A…AAAAhhh… adiuvo, are amitto, ere aperio, ire aufero, erre audio, ire ago, ere appareo, ere advenio, ire accuso, are aperio, ire help lose open steal, take away hear, listen act, do appear arrive accuse open

  22. Try something different Benedictus XVI ministerio renuntiavit Inter Consistorium publicum die Lunae (11.2.) in Palatio Apostolico Vaticano habitum, Papa Benedictus XVI cardinalibus praesentibus declaravit se ministerio Episcopi Romae, Successoris Sancti Petri, renuntiare. Dixit se ad cognitionem certam pervenisse vires suas ingravescente aetate non iam aptas esse ad munus Petrinum aeque administrandum.

  23. (9524-01) 1. In this passage, Titus fights an inconclusive battle against the Jews. imperator Vespasianus filium suum, Titum nomine, Hierosolyma capere iussit. Iudaei enim, qui a Romanis desciverant, in hanc urbem convenerant. Titus igitur cum tribus legionibus ad urbem contendit. Iudaei contra eum profecti sunt, parati aut hostes vincere aut victi in urbem regredi. tandem Iudaei, quamquam acriter pugnaverunt, plurimis hominibus occisis, in urbem refugerunt. postridie, cum Iudaei iterum pugnare nollent, Romani ad urbem oppugnandam se verterunt. Names Vespasianus, Vespasiani m. Vespasian Titus, Titi m. Titus Hierosolyma, Hierosolymorum n.pl. Jerusalem Iudaei, Iudaeorum m.pl. Jews Words descisco, desciscere, descivi, descitus I revolt, break away (from)

  24. Titus, qui Romam quam celerrime redire cupiebat, victoriam facilem sperabat. difficile tamen erat Romanis urbem capere, quod ingentibus muris munita erat. Iudaei urbem in tres partes diviserant ut eam defenderent. duces Iudaeorum tamen inter se pugnare quam Romanis resistere malebant. maxima parte frumenti propter eorum neglegentiam deleta, cives mox fame mori coeperunt. tot homines mortui sunt ut paucis diebus viae plenae corporum essent.

  25. ei qui adhuc vivebant, cum timerent ne a Romanis in servitutem venderentur, portas aperire nolebant. Romani, ubi tandem urbem intraverunt, sescenta milia Iudaeorum periisse cognoverunt.

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