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Section 11.3

Section 11.3. Genetic Changes. Mutations. Any change in the DNA sequence that also changes the protein it codes for. Mutations in reproductive cells: May produce a new trait May result in a protein that does not work correctly Protein may be nonfunctional causing the embryo to not survive.

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Section 11.3

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  1. Section 11.3 Genetic Changes

  2. Mutations • Any change in the DNA sequence that also changes the protein it codes for. Mutations in reproductive cells: • May produce a new trait • May result in a protein that does not work correctly • Protein may be nonfunctional causing the embryo to not survive

  3. Mutations in body cells: • Would not be passed on to offspring • May impair the function of the cell • cancer

  4. Point Mutation • The change in a single base pair in DNA • Can change a single amino acid in the chain resulting in a change in the entire protein produced.

  5. Frameshift Mutation • A mutation in which a single base is added or deleted from DNA • Would cause nearly every amino acid in the protein after the addition or deletion to be changed.

  6. Chromosomal Mutation • When parts of chromosomes are broken off or lost during mitosis or meiosis • Chromosomes break and rejoin incorrectly • Usually do not survive. If they do, they are usually sterile

  7. Types of Chromosomal Mutations: • 1. Deletion – when part of a chromosome is left out • 2. Insertions – when a part of a chromatid breaks off and attaches to its sister chromatid. The result is a duplication of genes on the same chromosome.

  8. Types of Chromosomal Mutations • 3. Inversions – when part of a chromosome breaks off and is reinserted backwards. • 4. Translocations – when part of one chromosome breaks off and is added to a different chromosome.

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