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MUTATIONS Section 11.3

MUTATIONS Section 11.3. p gs. 296 - 301. Biology 2/17/14 Mrs. Turgeon. “Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.”-John Dewey DO NOW: 1. Pass forward homework (grades w/ parent signature) 2. In your notes: What is a codon? AGENDA:

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MUTATIONS Section 11.3

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  1. MUTATIONSSection 11.3 pgs. 296 - 301

  2. Biology 2/17/14 Mrs. Turgeon “Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.”-John Dewey DO NOW: 1. Pass forward homework (grades w/ parent signature) 2. In your notes: What is a codon? AGENDA: SWBAT describe transcription and translation of DNA Content Quiz ANNOUNCEMENT: Science club is meeting today & tomorrow! Field trip this Saturday! Extra Credit if you attend the field trip! Wear your T Shirt!

  3. Biology 2/18/14 Mrs. Turgeon “The best way to find out if you can trust somebody is to trust them.” -Ernest Hemingway DO NOW: 1. Turn in your grade print out- use the library if necessary 2. In your notes: What is the building block of a protein? AGENDA: SWBAT categorize DNA mutations by taking notes and working in teams ANNOUNCEMENT: 1. Science club is meeting today! Field trip this Saturday! Extra Credit will be given to students who attend the field trip!

  4. Biology 2/19/14 Mrs. Turgeon “The secret of getting ahead is getting started” -Mark twain DO NOW: 1. In your notes: What are the two main classifications of mutations? Which type poses the largest threat? AGENDA: SWBAT categorize DNA mutations by working in teams ANNOUNCEMENT: Science club is meeting today! Field trip this Saturday! Extra Credit will be given to students who attend the field trip! HOMEWORK: 1. Complete the worksheet: Mutations (Due Thursday)

  5. Take out a sheet of paper and write both lab partners names on it. Number it from 1- 8 and answer the questions as they are presented. 1. What concepts/ideas come to mind when you hear the term mutation? 2. Why might a mutation have little or no harmful effect on an organism?

  6. OBJECTIVES Categorize different kinds of mutations that can occur in DNA. Compare the effects of different kinds of mutations on cells and organisms.

  7. Mutations • Mutation = change in DNA sequence 3. When or how could DNA be changed? • Mutations can be caused by errors in replication, transcription, translation, cell division, or external agents. • Mutations in Reproductive Cells can affect potential offspring (ex: inheritable genetic disorders) • Mutations in Body Cellsdo not get passed onto offspring (ex: if an individual develops skin cancer)

  8. MUTATIONS Ex. 1 - THE DOG RAN ALL DAY becomes THE DOG SRA NAL LDA Y or Ex. 2 - THE DOG RAN ALL DAY becomes THE DOG RAN ALL DAD 4. Explain what happened in the 1st example. 5. Explain what happened in the 2nd example. 6. Why are the words 3 letters long?

  9. Types of Mutations - can alter the genetic code causing changes to amino acids and then the protein produced. Frameshift- moves reading frame to the left or right. Original sentence – THE DOG RAN ALL DAY • Deletion = a base is deleted (THE DOG ANA LLD AY) • Insertion = a base is added (THE DOG SRA NAL LDA Y)

  10. Point Mutation/Substitution – One base is substituted in place of another possibly altering amino acids produced Missense Mutation – changes the amino acid THE DOG RAN ALL DAY THE DOG RAN ALL DAD

  11. POINT MUTATION/SUBSTITIUTION Nonsense Mutation – changes amino acid to a stop codon. THE DOG RAN ALL DAY THE DOG RAN ALL

  12. POINT MUTATION/SUBSTITUTION Silent Mutation – Doesn’t change the amino acid 7. Using the chart on pg. 292 give an example of how changing one of the 3 bases in a codon would result in a Silent Mutation.

  13. http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072556781/student_view0/chapter11/animation_quiz_4.htmlhttp://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072556781/student_view0/chapter11/animation_quiz_4.html

  14. 8. Describe what has happened to the each chromosome above.

  15. Chromosomal Alterations Chromosomes can be - broken off or lost during mitosis/meiosis - break off and rejoin incorrectly Fig. 11.12 pg. 300 – Four kinds of chromosomal mutations. Deletion Insertion Inversion Translocation

  16. Mutation of genetic material will affect the proteins produced

  17. Textbook pg. 299 #’s 1&4 Working with another lab group answer questions 1 & 4 on the dry erase boards. Be prepared to share your answers with other groups.

  18. Sickle Cell – result from the change in one base on Chromosome 11.

  19. Cause & Repair • Some mutations are spontaneous others can be the result of long term exposure to mutagens • Mutagen = any agent that causes DNA change (ex: harmful chemicals, radiation) • Cells have repair mechanisms and special enzymes that can fix incorrect DNA.

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