Bellringer January 4, 2012

1. Bellringer January 4, 2012 Grab your clicker Take out something to write with Take out your Chapter 5 Notes Guide Put the remainder of your materials in your desk

2. Chapter 5, Section 1The Culture of Ancient Greece January 4, 2012 Coach Corley

3. Objectives Today, we will be learning about Ancient Greece’s Mythology, Poetry, and Fables.

4. Part 1: Greek Mythology The Greeks believed that gods and goddesses controlled nature and shaped their lives.

5. Part 1: Greek Mythology Myths are traditional stories about gods and heroes. Greek Mythology expressed the Greek people’s religious beliefs. *Polytheistic - they believed in many gods and goddesses. So…….

6. Part 1: Greek Mythology *The Greeks believed that the gods and goddesses controlled nature. Page 155 *Zeus – ruled the sky and threw lightning bolts. Zeus was also the chief god.

7. Part 1: Greek Mythology *Hades - god of the underworld. *Poseidon - the god of the seas and earthquakes. *Artemis - goddess of the hunt and wild animals; twin sister of Apollo.

8. Part 1: Greek Mythology *Apollo - the god of the sun and poetry. *Aphrodite - the goddess of love. *Athena - the goddess of wisdom and crafts; protector of cities. *Ares – god of war.

9. Part 1: Greek Mythology • *The 12 most important gods and goddesses lived on Mount Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece. • Gods & Goddesses: • *Not all powerful • *Resembled humans • *Married & had children • *Quarreled, played tricks, & fought wars.

10. Part 1: Greek Mythology • *Ritual - a set of actions carried out in a fixed way. • Greeks wanted the gods’ favor so they carried out many rituals: • Prayed & gave them gifts • Festivals honoring the gods • Festivals dedicated to Zeus were held at Olympia

11. Part 1: Greek Mythology The Greeks believed in fate/destiny and prophecy. Gods would give prophecies to people to warn them about the future in time to change it.

12. Part 1: Greek Mythology *An oracle was a sacred shrine where a priest or priestess spoke for a god or goddess. *Most famous oracle was the Temple of Apollo at Delphi. Leaders took advice from the oracle of Apollo.

13. Part 2: Greek Poetry & Fables Greek poetry and fables taught Greek values.

14. Part 2: Greek Poetry & Fables Greek poems and stories are the oldest in the Western world. *Shakespeare borrowed many Greek plots and settings.

15. Part 2: Greek Poetry & Fables *Epics – long poems about heroic deeds. The first great epics of early Greece were the Iliad and the Odyssey. They were based on stories of a war between Greece and Troy.

16. Part 2: Greek Poetry & Fables Iliad • *Prince of Troy kidnaps Sparta queen • *Sparta & Greeks attack • *Attack lasts 10 years • *Trojan Horse • *Greeks climb out that night & capture the city Odyssey • *Odysseus • *His journey home from the Trojan War • *His adventure • *Took 10 years to get home

17. Part 2: Greek Poetry & Fables • *Homer’s stories were considered real history. • Homer’s stories taught: • *Courage & honor • *Loyalty to friends • *Greek boys to be like their heroes

18. Part 2: Greek Poetry & Fables *A fable is a short tale that teaches a lesson. *Aesop was a Greek slave who wrote many famous fables. Aesop’s fables were a part of Greece’s oral tradition for 200 years.

19. Part 2: Greek Drama

20. Part 2: Greek Drama Drama – a story told by actors who pretend to be characters in the story. Tragedy – a story with an unhappy ending, the character struggles to overcome difficulties but fails. Comedy – the story ends happy (not necessarily humor)

21. Part 2: Greek Drama • Play writers: • Sophocles • *General & Writer • *Used three actors in his plays • *Painted backdrops • *Oedipus Rex (Latin); Oedipus the King (English) • *Antigone– “Is it better to follow orders or to do what is right?”

22. Part 2: Greek Drama • Play writers: • Aeschylus • *Oresteia– group of 3 plays • *Evil acts cause more evil acts and suffering • Reason triumphs over evil • People should not seek revenge

23. Part 2: Greek Drama • Play writers: • Euripides • *Took drama beyond heroes and gods. • *Real-life plots • *War shown as cruel • Aristophanes • *Wrote comedies • *Made fun of politicians & scholars • Laughter, jokes, SNL?, etc

24. Part 2: Greek Art & Architecture Greek art & architecture expressed Greek ideas of beauty and harmony.

25. Part 2: Greek Art & Architecture *Greek artists wanted people to see reason, moderations, balance, and harmony in their work. Greek pottery & painting

26. Part 2: Greek Art & Architecture • Greek Architecture: • Doric Columns • *Earliest & simplest form of Greek columns • *Grace & power

27. Part 2: Greek Art & Architecture • Greek Architecture: • Ionic Columns • *Taller & more slender than Doric • *Tops resemble scrolls

28. Part 2: Greek Art & Architecture • Greek Architecture: • Corinthian Columns • *The most elaborate of the three columns • *Originally designed for interior, but later exterior • The three orders of Greek architecture identify the time and art of Greek culture.

29. Part 2: Greek Art & Architecture • Greek Architecture: • Parthenon • *Dedicated to Athena • *Most important building from Classical Greece • *Used as a treasury • *Greek art & architecture tried to express their ideal version of perfection and beauty.

30. Part 2: Greek Art & Architecture Review Homework