Comparing and Contrasting (foundational for a number of cognitive processes and relationships)

1. Comparing and Contrasting (foundational for a number of cognitive processes and relationships) Classifyingis very useful for academic tasks such as comparing. Categorizing involves looking for facts (analysis) , traits, and examples that have the “commonality” described by the category title. Prediction - new experiences and inputs are then “compared” to previous memories within this model and a prediction is made. Synthesis - the combination of ideas (new information and prior knowledge) into a complex whole. To synthesize one must recognize similarities and differences. Analogy is a comparison between two different things in order to highlight some point of similarity. Metaphor and simile are types of analogies.

2. Let’s take a look at how and where comparing and contrasting to learn comes into play in the brain using The Stage Metaphor

3. The Stage: metaphor for the prefrontal cortex Audience: Prior Knowledge - dendrites Stage: Prefrontal Cortex – where decisions are made Actor: Newinformation THE STAGE

4. The Stage: metaphor for prefrontal cortex – working memory Stage: Prefrontal Cortex – where decisions are made Actor: Newinformation Audience: Prior Knowledge - dendrites THE STAGE

5. The Stage: metaphor for prefrontal cortex Learning Strategies Stage: Prefrontal Cortex – where decisions are made Actor: Newinformation Audience: Prior Knowledge - dendrites THE STAGE Working Memory

6. The Stage: metaphor for prefrontal cortex Learning Strategies Stage: Prefrontal Cortex – where decisions are made Actor: Newinformation Compare Contrast Elaborate Re-expose Conceptual Framework Recite Question Internal Dialogue THE STAGE Audience: Prior Knowledge - dendrites

7. The Stage: metaphor for prefrontal cortex Learning Strategies Actor: Newinformation Norms – rules about how to act Compare Contrast Prior Knowledge 20-30 seconds to do something: think about thinking Recite Stage: Prefrontal Cortex – where decisions are made Internal Dialogue THE STAGE Folkways – rules are norms expected; not insisted upon. Mores- norms - rules insisted upon

8. The Stage: metaphor for prefrontal cortex Learning Strategies Folkways – rules are norms expected; not insisted upon. Mores- norms - rules insisted upon Re-expose Time Interval Audience: Prior Knowledge - dendrites Compare Contrast Stage: Prefrontal Cortex – where decisions are made THE STAGE Norms – rules about how to act

9. The Stage: metaphor for prefrontal cortex Learning Strategies Folkways – rules are norms expected; not insisted upon. Norms – rules about how to act Mores- norms - rules insisted upon Re-expose Time Interval Audience: Prior Knowledge - dendrites Compare Contrast They are Norms. Rules or guidelines about how to act. Rules insisted upon. Punishment if rules not followed. THE STAGE Rules not insisted upon. No punishment for not following rules. differences similarities differences folkway mores

10. The Stage: metaphor for prefrontal cortex Learning has occurred; a new dendrite has grown Stage: Prefrontal Cortex – where decisions are made Actor: Newinformation becomes prior knowledge THE STAGE