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AAP 2007 2007-DEC-13 Eugene Guillian, Queen’s University

Prospects for the Use of Large Water-Based Anti-neutrino Detectors for Monitoring Fission Bomb Detonations. AAP 2007 2007-DEC-13 Eugene Guillian, Queen’s University. Monitoring Rogue Nuclear Activity with Anti-neutrino Detectors.

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AAP 2007 2007-DEC-13 Eugene Guillian, Queen’s University

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  1. Prospects for the Use of Large Water-Based Anti-neutrino Detectors for Monitoring Fission Bomb Detonations AAP 2007 2007-DEC-13 Eugene Guillian, Queen’s University AAP 2007

  2. Monitoring Rogue Nuclear Activity with Anti-neutrino Detectors • Two types rogue nuclear activities that have anti-neutrinos as a by-product • Signatures of the above activities: I shall focus on fission bomb detection in this talk AAP 2007

  3. Anti-neutrinos Produced by a Fission Bomb • The bomb yield is typically quoted in TNT-equivalent units: • 1 kilo-tonne TNT = 4.184  1012 Joule • The amount of thermal energy released by a single fission event: •  204 MeV  3.3  10-11 Joule • The number of fissions per kilo-tonne of yield: Fission Rate of a Nuclear Reactor Rfiss = 3.1  1019 fissions/sec/GWt • Fission anti-neutrinos are produced in a burst of about 10 seconds A. Bernstein, T. West, & V. Gupta An assessment of Antineutrino Detection as a Tool for Monitoring Nuclear Explosions AAP 2007

  4. Anti-neutrino Detection Method • The currently available mature technology is based on inverse beta decay on a free proton target Prompt energy deposition • Captured after a delay of 101 ~ 102ms • Gamma ray emission produces delayed energy deposition • The delayed coincidence greatly reduces the background noise AAP 2007

  5. Anti-neutrino Detection Rate • Factors that determine the detection rate: • Inverse Beta Cross Section • Anti-neutrino Fluence @ 100 km i.e. number of anti-neutrinos per unit area Most anti-neutrinos are detected in this energy window Detection Threshold Cross Section ~ 10-42 cm2 AAP 2007

  6. Anti-neutrino Detection Rate • Detecting a 1 kton bomb at 100 km 0.3  108 cm-2 10-42 cm2  ~ 10-35 Number of antineutrinos per cm2 from bomb above detection threshold Typical interaction cross section Probability of interacting with a target proton • In order to detect ~1 anti-neutrino, the detector needs ~1035 free protons This is about 1 mega-ton of H2O 100 m 100 m 100 m AAP 2007

  7. Anti-neutrino Detection Rate • More precisely: • Other Factors: AAP 2007

  8. Background Noise AAP 2007

  9. Nuclear Monitoring with Anti-neutrino Detectors • The idea has been discussed in the Applied Anti-neutrino Conference since 2004 • A pretty comprehensive study of this topic has been done by Sandia scientists: • “An Assessment of Anti-neutrino Detection as a Tool for Monitoring Nuclear Explosions”, by Adam Bernstein, Todd West, Vipin Gupta • Table 10 of this report summarizes the feasibility of monitoring a 1 kt fission explosion at various distances AAP 2007

  10. My Studies from the Past Few Years AAP 2007

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