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The Effects of Chivalry and Group Size on Helping Behavior

The Effects of Chivalry and Group Size on Helping Behavior. Jessica Heun Nathaniel Moore. Chivalry. A “cultural script prescribing the preferential treatment of women by men in the contexts of protection and provision” (Altermatt, 2001). Chivalry Findings.

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The Effects of Chivalry and Group Size on Helping Behavior

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  1. The Effects of Chivalry and Group Size on Helping Behavior Jessica Heun Nathaniel Moore

  2. Chivalry • A “cultural script prescribing the preferential treatment of women by men in the contexts of protection and provision” (Altermatt, 2001).

  3. Chivalry Findings • More offers of assistance were found when a stranded driver was female (Simón, 1976). • Men are in general less aggressive and more helpful towards women than towards men (Eagly & Steffen, 1986; Eagly & Crowley, 1986). • Confusion arises when women perform chivalrous acts towards men (Ventimiglia, 1982).

  4. Chivalry and Helping • Connecting factor of responsibility • Chivalry: cultivates responsibility to intervene in an emergency situation • Presence of others: counteracts that responsibility (diffusion)

  5. Diffusion of Responsibility • As group size increases, the less likely or more slowly any one bystander will provide assistance. • Epileptic Seizure Study (Darley and Latane, 1969)

  6. Our Hypothesis!!! • Low chivalry more influenced by group size • High chivalry more resistant to outside pressure

  7. Step 1: Subject Variable • Sample Items: Chivalry Scale (α = .86) - A man has an obligation to protect a woman who is in danger (Altermatt, 2001). Attitude toward Women Scale (α = .77) - Women should worry less about their rights and more about becoming good wives and mothers (Spence, Helmreich, & Stapp, 1974).

  8. Step 2: Manipulate Group Size • Cover Story – Sign up Sheets and Backpacks

  9. Step 3: Measure Helping • Participant (N = 30 males) taken to room to complete questionnaire. • Recording of the accident is played (timing begins). • 3 minute window

  10. Results

  11. - Alone: situational pressure = help - 3 others: situational pressure = don’t help - 1 other: situation ambiguous = personality factors become more influential - Greatest chivalry effect (difference = 1.823 minutes) Interpretations

  12. Future Research • Self-esteem research (chivalry contingency) • Agentic versus Virtuous women • Chivalry in women? • More than 3 minute window for helping

  13. Questions?

  14. Sound File • Sound played to participants over intercom

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