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Discovery Metadata for Special Collections Concepts, Considerations, Choices

2004 Texas Library Association Annual Conference, March 18, 2004, San Antonio, TX. Discovery Metadata for Special Collections Concepts, Considerations, Choices.

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Discovery Metadata for Special Collections Concepts, Considerations, Choices

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  1. 2004 Texas Library Association Annual Conference, March 18, 2004, San Antonio, TX Discovery Metadata for Special CollectionsConcepts, Considerations, Choices William E. Moen<wemoen@unt.edu>School of Library and Information SciencesTexas Center for Digital KnowledgeUniversity of North TexasDenton, TX 72603

  2. Terminology: Metadata • The result of processes (manual or automatic) performed on an object, where the result is a representation or derivative of salient features of the object • Structured data associated with an object that supports a variety of user tasks including: • Resource discovery • Information management TLA Annual Conference -- March 18, 2004 -- San Antonio, TX

  3. Terminology: Discovery • Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) identified four tasks: • To find materials that correspond to the user's stated search criteria • To identify an entity • To select an entity that is appropriate to the user's needs • To acquire or obtain access to the entity described • How do we represent objects through metadata to help users discover resources? TLA Annual Conference -- March 18, 2004 -- San Antonio, TX

  4. Users and their needs • Who are users of archives and special collection • End users • Researchers • Students • Local history aficionados • Staff • Metadata creators • Archivists • Librarians • Technologists • Software (e.g., search engines, metasearch applications, harvesters) • How will they interact with the metadata TLA Annual Conference -- March 18, 2004 -- San Antonio, TX

  5. Conceptual & decision framework TLA Annual Conference -- March 18, 2004 -- San Antonio, TX

  6. Metadata choices: EAD • Encoded Archival Description • Standard method for presenting archival finding aids • Includes two main parts: • Header – describes the finding aid • Archival description – describes the archival collection • Uses Extensible Markup Language (XML) to mark up the finding aid • Sample TLA Annual Conference -- March 18, 2004 -- San Antonio, TX

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  8. Metadata choices: Library Catalog Record • Uses traditional library cataloging practices • Less detail than the finding aid approach • Represented in MARC syntax • Sample TLA Annual Conference -- March 18, 2004 -- San Antonio, TX

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  10. Metadata choices: Dublin Core • A simple resource description scheme geared towards discovery • Fifteen basic elements • Can be stored as metadata records in a database or embedded in HTML pages • Sample TLA Annual Conference -- March 18, 2004 -- San Antonio, TX

  11. Considerations: Standards, Rules, Quality • Standard metadata schemes • Why invent your own? • Rules for creating metadata • Often the standards provide guidelines and rules • Consistent, complete, accurate metadata • How to assess quality? Diane Hillmann’s quality measures: • Completeness • Provenance • Accuracy • Conformance to expectations • Logical consistency or coherence • Timeliness • Accessibility TLA Annual Conference -- March 18, 2004 -- San Antonio, TX

  12. Considerations: Interoperability • Use and reuse of metadata • Different applications may want to process the metadata • Adherence to standard metadata element sets • EAD • Library cataloging practices • Dublin Core • Adherence to standards for encoding • XML • MARC • HTML <Meta> TLA Annual Conference -- March 18, 2004 -- San Antonio, TX

  13. Considerations: Making objects visible • Metadata can make objects visible for discovery • Approaches • Native interface for searching (e.g., TARO, TSLAC catalog) • Web search engines • Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting • Exposing your metadata as Dublin Core records for harvesting via the OAI protocol • Library of Texas Resource Discovery Service • Metasearch application • Standards-based using Z39.50 information retrieval protocol TLA Annual Conference -- March 18, 2004 -- San Antonio, TX

  14. TLA Annual Conference -- March 18, 2004 -- San Antonio, TX

  15. TARO? Your Archives? TLA Annual Conference -- March 18, 2004 -- San Antonio, TX

  16. Choices & Decisions • Who are your users and how will they discover your resources? • What standard metadata scheme best fits your objects and users? • How will you assure quality of your metadata? • How will you make your metadata visible? TLA Annual Conference -- March 18, 2004 -- San Antonio, TX

  17. Selected References • Dublin Core Metadata • http://www.dublincore.org/ • Encoded Archival Description (EAD) • http://www.loc.gov/ead/ • Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records • http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.pdf • http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htm • Library of Texas Resource Discovery Service • http://www.libraryoftexas.org/ • Open Archives Initiative for Metadata Harvesting • http://www.openarchives.org/ • Hillmann & Bruce. The Continuum of Quality: Defining, Expressing, Exploiting (Draft preprint) • http://content.nsdl.org/metadata_practice/hillmann_bruce_final.html TLA Annual Conference -- March 18, 2004 -- San Antonio, TX

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