Special Considerations

1. Special Considerations Obj: I will investigate special considerations and unexpected medical conditions that could arise in sports

2. Toe How many can you identify?

3. What skin conditions have you had as a result of sports? What can you do to prevent skin conditions in sports? How can skin conditions acquired affect other areas of your life? Why are athletes susceptible to skin conditions? Discussion Questions

4. Skin Conditions • Herpes Simplex • Fungus Infection • Athletes Foot • Jock Itch • Jogger’s nipples • Corns • Plantar Warts • Black Heel • Blisters • Ingrown Toenail • Black Toes • Pregnancy • Diabetes • Seizures • Insects bites and stings • Anorexia • Bulimia • Female Athlete Triad Special Considerations

5. It is important for an athletic trainer to use latex gloves and follow a set of universal precautions when dealing with skin conditions Skin Conditions

6. Common problem in sports, particularly among wrestlers. • This virus which can enter the body through breaks in the skin, can produce painful lesions anywhere on the body. • Most often lesions are cold sores on the lips. Herpes Simplex

7. No cure for Herpes Simplex Treatment: • Over-the-counter medication • Medication prescribed by doctor Prevention: • Do not have herpes to skin contact • Do not allow those with herpes to participate until they are asymptomatic for 3 days or until they have taken medication for at least 5 days Herpes Simplex

8. Athletes Foot (Tinea Pedis): • It occurs most commonly in people whose feet have become very sweaty while confined within tight-fitting shoes. • Signs and symptoms of athlete's foot include a scaly rash that usually causes itching, stinging and burning • Very Contagious Fungus Infections: Athlete’s Foot

9. Treatment: • Keep feet dry through the frequent use of foot powder. • Wear clean socks to avoid re-infection, changing them daily. • Use a standard fungicide athletes foot cream or powder medication. Athlete’s Foot

10. Prevention: • Dry feet thoroughly after shower (around toes). • Keep shoes dry by dusting them with powder daily, or use newspapers. • Wear clean socks daily. • Shower and dressing room should be cleaned and disinfected daily. • Athletes should use shower shoes (flip flops). Athlete’s Foot

11. Jock Itch: • Appears as a brownish or reddish lesion in the groin area. • Mild to moderate itching, resulting in scratching and the possibility of secondary bacterial infection. • Contagious spores may be spread by direct contact, contaminated clothing, or unsanitary locker rooms and showers. • Other causes of jock itch include heat, moisture and friction in the groin Fungus Infections: Jock Itch

12. Treatment: • Powders, sprays, and creams will cure jock itch Prevention: • Keep area clean and dry • Use lubricating ointment to lesson friction in the groin • If the skin gets chafed easily, wear loose fitting clothing during exercise Jock Itch

13. Jogger's nipple is common in runners. It occurs when the nipples are irritated by rubbing and chafing against clothing during physical activity. • Common symptoms of jogger's nipple include: • irritation • redness of the skin • soreness • dryness • If the nipple is irritated for a long period it may crack and bleed. Jogger’s Nipples

14. Treatment: • Rest • Antiseptic cream on nipples to treat irritation and prevent infection Prevention: • wear surgical tape over the nipples to prevent friction • use petroleum jelly on your nipples • if you're a woman, you should wear a soft fiber sports bra • men should wear tops made from soft material Jogger’s Nipples

15. Corns • Thickening of the skin that usually has a circular shape in areas of excessive pressure • Often painful

16. Corns Treatment: • Modify footwear to decrease pressure • Use of medicated products Prevention: • Decrease opportunities for pressure on the area

17. Plantar Warts • Plantar warts: hard, grainy growths that usually appear on the heels or balls of your feet

18. Plantar Warts Treatment: • May go away on own • Over-the-counter medicines • Doctor can remove it Prevention: • Avoid direct contact with warts. This includes your own warts. • Wear shoes or sandals where it's common to be exposed to a wart-causing virus, such as around swimming pools or in gym showers. • Don't pick at warts. Picking may spread the virus.

19. “Black Heel” • Black heel: darkening of the posterior aspect of the heel that occurs primarily in young adult athletes • No treatment needed • Prevention: • Heel cups • Change in footwear • Wearing 2 pairs of thick socks • Take a break from training

20. Blisters • Small pocket of fluid within the upper layer of the skin often due to excessive friction Treatment: • Use a donut-shaped moleskin pad to protect it • Drain it using a needle sterilized with rubbing alcohol • do not remove skin • Wash with soap and water • Bandage Prevention: • Proper fitting footwear

21. Ingrown Toenail • Occurs when the corner or side of toenail grows into the soft flesh • Often due to improperly fitting footwear • Usually great toe Treatment: • pressure relief (go shoeless, wider shoes) • Antibiotics if infected • surgical excision Prevention: • Trim nails straight across • Wear shoes that fit properly

22. Black Toenails • Occurs due to trauma or pressure Treatment: • No treatment for mild cases • For more severe cases it may be necessary for medication and drainage by a doctor Prevention: • Proper shoes • Keep nails trimmed

23. In teams of two, create your own 10 question Kahoot to play with the class Go to: www.getkahoot.com Sign in under the teacher’s account Save as your name Click on Quiz Include at least one question on each skin condition We will play the Kahoots as a review prior to a exam Create a Kahoot to review skin conditions with a partner

24. 1 2 3 toe 4 5 6 7 8 9 Follow up: How many can you identify? 10

25. In teams of three, create a movie for each skin condition See assignment for more details Skin Conditions Movie

26. Review Skin Conditions assignment quiz New Content on Special Considerations: • Pregnancy • Seizures • Insects bites and stings • Anorexia • Bulimia • Female Athlete Triad Agenda for Class

27. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LTj7FZ520k • Must be cleared by doctor in order to exercise • Exercises during pregnancy • Rhythmic activities such as walking, jogging, cycling, swimming • Light weight training • Stretching • Do Not Engage in the following: • Change in direction sports • Contact sports • No supine position after 1st trimester • No exercise in high heat Pregnancy

28. Vaginal bleeding or fluid discharge • Shortness of breath • Dizziness • Headache • Chest pain • Muscle weakness • Calf Pain/Swelling • Decreased fetal movement Stop Exercise during pregnancy if:

29. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1MI5PKlW00 • Seizures are caused by disruption of normal brain activity • Epilepsy is a condition in which seizures occur regularly • No clear cause • Other causes • Infection • High fever • Brain tumors • Drugs • Strokes • Bleeding in the brain • Trauma to the brain • Low blood glucose, sodium, or calcium Seizure Disorders

30. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39lAq8-3cS4 Treatment for sports-related seizures: • Call 911 • Protect the person from injury by moving objects nearby or guiding them to the ground • Cushion head with a blanket • Do not put anything in their mouth • Turn them on their side if fluid is in their mouth • Pay close attention and record the following information if necessary for doctors: • How body moved • How long seizure lasted • How person acted before the seizure • How person acted after seizure • Any injuries Sports-related seizures

31. Severity and duration of the reaction can vary from person to person • If multiple stings are received or if allergic reactions occur, the situation can be life threatening • Signs and Symptoms: • Characterized by pain, swelling, redness, itching, and a whelp surrounding the wound • Systematic Reaction could also occur: • Skin flushing • Itchy rash • Chest wheezing • Nausea • Vomiting • Abdominal pains • Palpitations • Faintness • Falling blood pressure • Throat begins to close • death Insect Bites and Stings

32. Notify an adult in case assistance is necessary • Immediately remove the stinger by scraping it out of the skin • Apply ice to reduce the pain and swelling • Seek medical assistance if a serious reaction is suspected For systemic reaction • Epinephrine by injection is the only effective, immediate treatment • EpiPen is an automatically injecting syringe, designed to inject a premeasured, single dose of epinephrine. • Its administered if the front part of the leg through the clothing. • Effects will last 15-20 minutes • Call 911 Treatment for Insect Bites/Stings

33. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAWHG6zAeH4 Watch the following video clip Reflection Questions: Do you think the wife responded correctly to this situation? Would you have done anything differently in this situation? Do you allergic to insect bites or stings? Bee Sting: Rescue 911

34. Anorexia Nervosa: • A person refuses to eat or does not eat enough to maintain normal body functions • Commonly seen in sports that have a high body image profile • Cheerleading • Gymnastics • cross country • Wrestling • figure skating • This is a serious health condition and should be treated by a medical professional Eating Disorders

35. Bulimia: • Athlete will consume large quantities of food and immediately vomit the food. • Routine by the athlete is an attempt to gain essential energy requirements, but not the weight associated with the food. • This is a serious health condition and should be treated by a medical professional Eating Disorders

36. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O0YGbBDYnUQ Involves a combination of 3 conditions • Disordered Eating • conditions such as anorexia and bulimia that result in malnutrition • When muscles that lack sufficient and proper fuel, performance is impaired • Amenorrhea • The loss of menstrual periods • A certain % of body fat in females is necessary for proper functioning of the menstrual cycle • IF the body fat % gets too low, hormonal balance and the menstrual cycle are affected • Osteoporosis • Bones become weak and brittle • Amenorrhea can lead to osteoporosis in female athletes just like it can in postmenopausal women • Stress fractures become more common and repair is slow. Female Athlete Triad

37. Frequent or unexplained injuries, stress fractures • Excessive or compulsive exercise • Change in performance • Loss of endurance, speed and/or strength • Impaired concentration • Absent or irregular menstrual periods • Restrictive eating • Use of weight loss products or supplements Warning signs of Female Athlete Triad

38. This is a serious health condition and should be treated by a medical professional Treatment

39. Encourage athletes to choose an activity that complements an individual’s natural body strengths • Coaches and parents should emphasize that health is more important that competitive success • Coaches should avoid frequent weigh-ins, weight comments and consequences for weight gain • Teach athletes to think of food as important for health and as a performance enhancer • Coaches and parents should be a role model with words and actions by taking a positive attitude about eating and enjoying foods. Prevention of Female Athlete Triad

40. In teams of two, finsh your Kahoot www.getkahoot.com Include at least one question on pregnancy, seizures, insect bites/stings, Female Athlete Triad We will play the Kahoots as a review prior to the exam Finish your Kahoot

41. Create a newspaper covering the topics of pregnancy, seizures, insect stings and Female Athlete Triad See assignment for details Upon completion, a classmate with read your newspaper checking for grammar, spelling, punctuation, and completeness of content based on assignment guidelines Creation of Newspaper

42. Skin Conditions • Herpes Simplex • Fungus Infection • Athletes Foot • Jock Itch • Jogger’s nipples • Corns • Plantar Warts • Black Heel • Blisters • Ingrown Toenail • Black Toes • Pregnancy • Diabetes • Seizures • Insects bites and stings • Anorexia • Bulimia • Female Athlete Triad Each student will lead the class in reviewing for the exam through their Kahoot review game. Total points will be tallied and students in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd place will receive a prize. Good Luck! Let the games begin! Review Day

43. Teacher gives each student 2 pieces of individually wrapped candy. Students are seated with their desks in a circle. Each student will also receive 2 note cards with types of test questions on them. Students will answer the questions on their note cards on a separate sheet of paper so that they know the answer. Students will not eat the candy. Assign each student a number. A student begins the game by asking a question (on note card). As the other students process the question, the teacher randomly chooses a number from a pile. The number chosen must answer the question. If the student gets it right, they do not lose their candy but gain another piece from the teacher. If the student is incorrect, they must give a piece of their candy to the student who asked the question. The Candy Fiasco Game