Understanding Socialization: Types, Agents, and Consequences

1. Chapter 2 Types of Socialisation continued

2. The Socialisation Process • Humans learn the expectations of society through socialisation. • Socialisation is different based on race, gender and class.

3. Socialisation as Social Control

4. Socialisation and Self-Esteem • How much value one sees in oneself is greatly affected by socialization how you are seen by society. • The perfect figure: • 2000 xx% men said they were concerned with their body shape • 2012 - 36% reported concern • Think about the influences

5. Consequences of Socialisation • Establishes self-concepts. • Creates the capacity for role taking. • Creates the tendency for people to act in socially acceptable ways. • Makes people bearers of culture.

6. Agents of Socialization • Institutions pass on expectations about appropriate social behavior: • Family • Media • Peers • Religion • Sports

7. The Family • Families introduce children to the expectations of society. • Roles • Values • Norms • Sanctions Children are socialised by copying behaviour. Consider contradictory socailisation

8. Schools • In school, teachers and other students are the source of expectations that encourage children to think and behave in particular ways. • Research finds that teachers respond differently to boys than to girls, with boys receiving more of their attention. • Formalcurriculum consists of subjects we learn • The hidden curriculum consists of the informal and often subtle messages about social roles conveyed through classroom interaction and materials.

9. The Media • Secondary socialisation bit its impersonal Effects: • Short-term • Learning • Imitation • Desensitisation Long-term effects: • Consumerism • Fear • Agenda-setting

10. Media • Values – imposing its values on behaviour … what it means to be British • Norms – publicise acceptable and unacceptable forms of behaviour • Sanctions

11. Polling Question • Which media source do you think has the strongest impact on attitudes and behaviors of your generation? • Advertising • Television • Music and music videos • The Internet • Magazines

12. Peers • For children, peer culture is an important source of identity. • Through interaction with peers, children learn concepts of self, gain social skills, and form values and attitudes. • Girls’ peer groups tend to be closely knit and egalitarian. • Boys’ peer groups tend to be more hierarchical, with evident status distinctions between members.

13. Religion • Children tend to develop the same religious beliefs as their parents. • Behaviour - ‘thou shalt not kill’, ceremonial functions: marriages, christening funerals • Vaules – moral • Sanctions – Hinduism believes in reincarnation

14. Sports • Through sports, men and women learn concepts of self. • Men learn that being competitive in sports is considered a part of “manhood.” • Current research finds that women in sports develop a strong sense of bodily competence, which is typically denied to them by the prevailing cultural images of women’s bodies.

15. Polling Question • Which agent of socialization do you think is the most responsible for gender differences in how males and females are socialized? • The family • Religion • The peer group • Education • Mass media

16. QUIZ 1. The process of resocialisation involves: a. learning the values and beliefs of a new school b. relearning existing social roles c. changing or replacing existing social roles d. adjusting to new significant others

17. Answer: c • The process of resocialisation involves changing or replacing existing socialroles.

18. 5. Society has no influence on one's identity. a. True b. False

19. Answer: False • Society does influence one'sidentity.

20. 6. Socialization is a subtle form of social control. a. True b. False

21. Answer: True • Socialization is a subtle form of social control.