Scientific Method

1. Scientific Method Take out your composition notebook, pen/pencil and get ready for your bell-ringer. If you need to sharpen your pencil now is the time to do so.

2. BellRinger (10min) • Study the illustrations and answer the questions that follow. • In the experiment illustrated below, a botanist wanted to determine the effects of different colored lights on plant growth. To do this, she set up two experiments. She grew one plant under blue light and one under red light and gave each plant the amount of water shown. • At the end of the experiment, Plant 1 had grown 10 cm and Plant 2 had grown 5 cm. • The botanist concluded that plants grow better under red light. Is her conclusion correct? _____________ Why or why not?

3. How would you revise the experiment to make it scientifically valid? Use the spaces below to show values of the variables in your redesigned experiment. Purple Red 20˚C 15˚C 1 liter 0.5 liter 2 weeks 1 weeks Lily Rose

4. Setting up notebook (5min) 1) Use a name tag and write your name on your notebook 2) Glue “Table of Contents” to first page 3) Glue Rubric on top of the second page 4) Number top right corner of all pages (don’t have to number them all right now)

5. Setting up notebook How to write your notes: 1) Date: December 3, 1989 2) Topic: Scientific Method (Will be the title of the PPT) Learning target: (this will be written on the board, write it down at the beginning of every lesson) Notes: Proceed with notes Activity title: (for each activity you will write the title before answering the questions) Example: BellRinger

6. Objectives What are we learning today? Standards SC.912.N.1.1– Define a problem based on a specific body of knowledge Explain the difference between andobservation and inference Describe and explain what characterizes the methods of science

7. What can you say about this picture?

8. Input Notes (20 minutes) • Today we are writing what is in RED • (At this point: the Date, Title, and learning target should already be written down on your notebook)

9. Date: 08/26/2016 • Title: Scientific Method • Learning Target: Describe and explain what characterizes the methods of science • Write quickly no time to waste!

10. Observations • Use one or more of the 5 senses to gather information • Note and record … FACTS!!! • In science, observations should never be emotional. • Find 3 examples from this classroom: • 1. • 3. • 2.

11. Inferences • Logical interpretation based upon prior knowledge and experience • Based upon observations Find 3 inferences in the classroom 1. Example (do not copy): A student eating a snack is hungry 2. 3.

12. Qualitative vs Quantitative Data Quantitative → Quantity Quantitative: • Deals with numbers. • Data which can be measured. • Length, height, area, volume, weight, speed, time, temperature, humidity, sound levels, cost, members, ages, etc. Qualitative → Quality Qualitative: • Deals with descriptions. • Data can be observed but not measured. • Colors, textures, smells, tastes, appearance, beauty, etc.

13. Qualitative/Quantitative Arnoldii Rafflesia- Largest Flower in the world - smells like rotting meat -80 cm (about 2 1/2 feet) in Diameter -Red -Spots -Smells like rotting meat -Fleshy texture - 9 kg (20 lbs) -Flowering lasts for 5-7 days

14. Law vs Theory Law- Well supported explanations/principle that appears to be without exception at the time it is made. Ex.: Law of Gravity Theory- A scientific theory summarizes a hypothesis or group of hypotheses that have been supported with repeated testing. Ex.: The Big Bang Theory The Cell theory

15. Theory/Law • Both a scientific theory and a scientific law are accepted to be true by the scientific community as a whole A theories is not the same as a hypothesis. Theories are valid and not easily disproven.

16. Vocabulary • A hypothesis is a tentative explanation of a phenomenon; • Independent or manipulated variable – what is changed during the experiment • Dependent or responding variable – what is measured • Constant or fixed variables –parts in the experiment that are kept constant. • Experimental group – group exposed to the independent variable. • Control group – used to compare against the experimental group

17. Steps: Scientific Method Problem/Question: Develop a question or problem that can be tested Observation/Research: Make observations and research your topic Formulate a Hypothesis: Predict a possible answer to the problem or question (If____then____because____.) Experiment: Develop and follow a procedure. Collect and Analyze Results: Include tables, graphs, and photographs. Conclusion: Include a statement that accepts or rejects the hypothesis. Communicate the Results: Share your results with the scientific community.

18. Example: Dontral thinks that a special juice will increase the productivity of workers. He creates two groups of 50 workers each and assigns each group the same task (in this case, they're supposed to staple a set of papers). Group A is given the special juice to drink while they work. Group B is not given the special juice. After an hour, Dontral counts how many stacks of papers each group has made. Group A made 1,587 stacks, Group B made 2,113 stacks. What is the constants in this experiment? What is the dependent variable? What is the independent variable? What should the conclusion to this experiment be?

19. How to write a Hypothesis • How does this sound? Bacterial growth may be affected by temperature. How can you prove that? If temperature is increased then bacterial growth will increase because increase in temperature is known to increase rate of reaction.

20. Lab Expectation: If not followed a grade of F will be earned on ALL assignments for the day. • Lab activities are a privilege!!!Be respectful and professional. • We will hold you to high standards/expectations. • Follow all instructions first time they’re given • Do not leave your lab station!! (You will sit down and do book work and or receive an F for the day!) • Do not shout! • Do not use or charge cellphones! • You are all in charge of your group/lab mates

21. LAB (Stay on Task!) (25minutes) • You will be divided into 7 groups (2 min.) • At each lab station you will find directions followed by some questions • As a group, follow all instructions, and collect your group data • You will have 10 min. to perform the experiment • Collect class data provided by your instructor (2 min.) • As a group answer the lab questions on your handout (10 min.) • Silently head back to your seat(1 min.)

22. Science vs. Pseudo-Science and Non-Science • Science - The systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation. • Non-Science - May be logical and based on good reasoning, but does not fall within the realm of science (Religious beliefs, philosophy, personal opinions, or ethics). • Pseudoscience - Defined as a non-science which is portrayed as a legitimate science by its followers. Example = astrology

23. Title: independent Practice scientific method 20min You will receive a beautiful paper from your teacher. Your job is to answer all questions During this time you should be talking. If you need assistance please raise your hand. We will review after and you will check your work.

24. Show me what you got! Exit Ticket (15min)

25. Question 2: Bart believes that mice exposed to radiowaves will become extra strong (maybe he's been reading too much Radioactive Man). He decides to perform this experiment by placing 10 mice near a radio for 5 hours. He compared these 10 mice to another 10 mice that had not been exposed. His test consisted of a heavy block of wood that blocked the mouse food. He found that 8 out of 10 of the radiowaved mice were able to push the block away. 7 out of 10 of the other mice were able to do the same. What was Bart’s claim? Control Group Independent (Manipulated) Variable Dependent (Responding) Variable What should Bart's conclusion be? (what evidence supports this) 6) How could Bart's experiment be improved?