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Occupational Health and Safety Programs: An AAALAC Perspective

Occupational Health and Safety Programs: An AAALAC Perspective. Section 1. Elements of an Occupational Health Program: Deficiencies identified by AAALAC. David DeLong, D.V.M. Chief, Veterinary Medical Unit VAMC, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Elements of an OHS program:

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Occupational Health and Safety Programs: An AAALAC Perspective

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  1. Occupational Health and Safety Programs: An AAALAC Perspective

  2. Section 1 Elements of an Occupational Health Program: Deficiencies identified by AAALAC. David DeLong, D.V.M. Chief, Veterinary Medical UnitVAMC, Minneapolis, Minnesota

  3. Elements of an OHS program: Deficiencies identified by AAALAC Why does AAALAC assess occupational health and safety programs?

  4. Elements of an OHS program: Deficiencies identified by AAALAC According to the Guide - “An occupational health and safety program must be part of the overall animal care and use program."

  5. Elements of an OHS program: Deficiencies identified by AAALAC • Working with animalscan be dangerous business! • Physical and chemical hazards • Protocol related hazards • Allergens • Zoonotic diseases

  6. Elements of an OHS program: Deficiencies identified by AAALAC • How does AAALAC assess an OHS program? • Prior to the site visit,review the Program Description. • During the site visit, review facilities and documents; interview personnel.

  7. Elements of an OHS program: Deficiencies identified by AAALAC The Guide is the basis for the review.

  8. Elements of an OHS program: Deficiencies identified by AAALAC • Other documents: • Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals. 1997. NRC, National Academy of Sciences. • Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories. 1999. HHS Pub. No. (CDC) 93-8395. • Miscellaneous AAALAC resource documents.

  9. Elements of an OHS program: Deficiencies identified by AAALAC • What are the required components of an OHS program? • Risk assessment and hazard identification. • Training. • Personal hygiene and personal protective equipment. • Facilities, procedures, and monitoring. • Medical evaluation and preventive medicine.

  10. Elements of an OHS program: Deficiencies identified by AAALAC • What are the hallmarks of a successful program? • Strong administrative support. • Sound implementation strategies. • Effective coordination of program components.

  11. Elements of an OHS program: Deficiencies identified by AAALAC What trends in OHS Program deficiencies have been identified by AAALAC?

  12. Elements of an OHS program: Deficiencies identified by AAALAC Occupational Health and Safety of Personnel

  13. Elements of an OHS program: Deficiencies identified by AAALAC Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

  14. Elements of an OHS program: Deficiencies identified by AAALAC Personnel Training

  15. Elements of an OHS program: Deficiencies identified by AAALAC Personal Hygiene/Protection

  16. Elements of an OHS program: Deficiencies identified by AAALAC Facilities, Procedures, and Monitoring

  17. Elements of an OHS program: Deficiencies identified by AAALAC Medical Evaluation/ Preventative Medicine for Personnel

  18. Elements of an OHS program: Deficiencies identified by AAALAC • More common deficiencies: • Hazard identification/risk assessment. • Personal hygiene/protection.

  19. Elements of an OHS program: Deficiencies identified by AAALAC • Less common deficiencies: • Personnel training. • Facilities, procedures and monitoring. • Medical evaluation/preventive medicine.

  20. Elements of an OHS program: Deficiencies identified by AAALAC • Animal experimentation involving hazards This category reflects how OHSP components are implemented and coordinated to ensure safety in the face of a particular hazard.

  21. Elements of an OHS program: Deficiencies identified by AAALAC Animal ExperimentationInvolving Hazards

  22. Elements of an OHS program: Deficiencies identified by AAALAC • OHSP expectations: • Individual components that are appropriate for the facility. • Evidence that the components work effectively together.

  23. Section 2 Issues in OHSP Implementation and Participation Christian E. Newcomer, V.M.D., DACLAM Research Professor and Director Pathology and Laboratory Medicine The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

  24. Issues in OHSP implementation and participation • OHSP implementation: first steps • What mandates the creation of an OHSP? • Who authorizes the OHSP? • Who funds the OHSP? • Who designs the OHSP? • Who coordinates the OHSP?

  25. Issues in OHSP implementation and participation • OHSP implementation issues: What mandates the creation of an OHSP? • PHS Policy: “The Guide” • OSHA: CFR 29 • ILAR: “Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals”

  26. Issues in OHSP implementation and participation • OHSP implementation issues: Who authorizes the OHSP? • The senior official must: • Understand the issues. • Provide guidance. • Establish and support policies. • Have resource authority. • Assemble the team.

  27. Issues in OHSP implementation and participation • OHSP implementation issues: Who funds the OHSP? • The Senior Official is accountable. By what funding mechanism? • The funding mechanism is not of concern to the AAALAC peer review process!

  28. Issues in OHSP implementation and participation • OHSP implementation issues: • Who designs the OHSP? • Who or what qualifies the OHSP designers? • Does one design fit all or are there various successful models? • Opportunities for cost containment?

  29. Issues in OHSP implementation and participation • OHSP design team members: • Animal Care and Use Staff • Research Staff • Environmental Health and Safety • Occupational Health/Medicine • Administration and Management

  30. Issues in OHSP implementation and participation • OHSP implementation issues: • Who coordinates the OHSP? • Single point coordination of OHSP. • Team management of OHSP. • Interaction and communication among team members to refine approach, measure results and improve outcomes. • Are participants clear on the available OHSP services?

  31. Issues in OHSP implementation and participation • OHSP participation issues: • What is participation in the OHSP? • Who participates in the OHSP? • Can personnel waive OHSP participation? • How are participants identified/enrolled? • Who tracks OHSP enrollment? • What are the enrollment recall provisions? • Periodic? Status change?

  32. Issues in OHSP implementation and participation • Issues in OHSP implementation and participation: • Who reviews OHSP scope and participation? • IACUC • OHSP Coordinator • Senior Official • AAALAC International

  33. Section 3 Hazard Control and Risk Assessment Ron E. Banks, D.V.M. University Veterinarian & Director Office of Laboratory Animal ResourcesUniversity of Colorado Health Sciences Center

  34. Hazard control and risk assessment • What is the principal objective of an OHSP? • To reduce to an acceptable level, the risk associated with using materials or systems that have inherent danger by controlling or eliminating hazards.

  35. Hazard control and risk assessment • How does risk assessment relate to the greater OHSP? • Risk Assessment is the foundation for progressive OH&S • Risk Assessment is prerequisite to selecting an appropriate health-care service for employees!

  36. Hazard control and risk assessment • What is risk? • The likelihood of a consequence.

  37. Hazard control and risk assessment • What is risk assessment? • A measure of the likelihood of a consequence. • Defining and quantifying a hazard.

  38. Hazard control and risk assessment What ‘issues’ enter into risk assessment?

  39. Hazard control and risk assessment • When can I stop defining and quantifying hazards? • Dynamic process – never completed!

  40. Hazard control and risk assessment • How important is risk assessment? • Undetected / undefined hazards pose the most significant problem to research staff… • Undetected and unrelated hazards are the most worrisome. • You can’t protect staff from the unknown …

  41. Hazard control and risk assessment • Whose responsibility is it to identify hazards? • The researcher • The facility management team • The care provider • In short …. EVERYONE!

  42. Hazard control and risk assessment • How should risk assessmentbe used in the laboratory? • To manage the hazard • To avoid / control exposure • To provide therapy when exposure occurs

  43. Hazard control and risk assessment • What must you know to perform risk assessment for chemical agents? • Toxic doses • Stability • Form (gas/liquid/solid) • Type of toxicity (irrit/corrosion/carcin/narcosis/lethality) • Severity of reaction • Mode of action • Metabolic products

  44. Hazard control and risk assessment • What must you know to perform risk assessment for infectious diseases? • Dose-response relationship • Virulence • Communicability • Prevalence • Route of exposure • Shedding patterns • Stability • Availability of prophylaxis / therapy

  45. Hazard control and risk assessment • Does the IACUC have a role to play in risk assessment? • Yes! • Protocol review can (and should) include requests for information on the potential hazards of a particular study. • Hazard review can be performed by: • A committee member • A H&S committee or board • The IACUC

  46. Hazard control and risk assessment • Where can you find informationto assist in risk assessment? • Scientific literature • Other scientists • MSDS • The researchers themselves • Your own staff!

  47. Hazard control and risk assessment • Risk assessment providesa touch of reality to life! • The likelihood of occupationally acquired zoonoses is MUCH lower than is popularly perceived. • The likelihood of occupationally acquired immune response to chemical is MUCH higher than is popularly perceived. • ‘Substantial animal contact’ IS NOT a sufficient indicator of the need for enrollment in OH&SP!

  48. Hazard control and risk assessment • How can I assure AAALAC site visitors we have a risk assessment based OHSP? • OHS ‘Committee’ minutes showing program formation / review. • Note in semiannual review of OHSP assessment (program review). • Occasional changes in OHSP process (dynamic process). • Common sense subtle differences (consistent inconsistencies) in the OHSP between care facilities. • A suggestion process involving employees (program enhancements). • Ready explanations (consistent between employees) to site visitor inquiry of why they do something a certain way (PPE / process).

  49. Section 4 Training and Information Management Barbara Garibaldi, D.V.M., ACLAM Director, Animal Research FacilityBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts

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