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Producing Food. Introduction Hunting & Gathering The Origins and Practice of Agriculture Producing Food in Turtle Island. Otzi the Iceman.
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Producing Food • Introduction • Hunting & Gathering • The Origins and Practice of Agriculture • Producing Food in Turtle Island
Otzi the Iceman Photo taken by Don Hitchcock at the travelling Otzi the Iceman exhibition of the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology, Maritime Museum, Darling Harbour, Sydney NSW Australia February 2008
II. Hunting & Gathering How did hunting and gathering work in North America? • 2 basic means of subsistence • Hunting and gathering • Agriculture • Homo erectus: 1.8 million years ago to 70,000 years ago • Seasonal round • Broad spectrum revolution, 8000 BCE
III. The Origin and Practice of Agriculture How did agriculture develop? • Agro-ecosystem • Cultivars, domesticated plants • Anthropogenic vegetation • Food production • Maize fully domesticated by 2500 BCE • “three sisters”: beans, corn, squash • Sunflower, squash in eastern woodlands • Tobacco
III. The Origin and Practice of Agriculture • Maya, from about 2000 BCE • Teotihuacan (100 BCE – 550 CE) • Toltecs(around 900 – 1168 CE) • Aztecs (1300 – 1521)
Central Plaza of the Mayan City of Palenque 226 BCE - 799 CE Chiapas, Mexico
Pyramid of Kukulcan at center of the Mayan City of Chitchen Itza
III. The Origins and Practice of Agriculture • Mississippians, 1000 AD to 1500s • Cahokia • Hohokam and Anasazi, 300 AD to 1100 AD • Maize in Ontario by 500 CE, major food crop by 1100 CE
Reconstruction of the Kincaid Site, Mississippian town, Southern Illinois
IV. Producing Food in Turtle Island What were the culinary systems of Turtle Island?
Culture Areas of Turtle Island and Agriculture at the Time of Colonization