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Parenthetical Citations

Parenthetical Citations. Use parenthetical citations when you paraphrase your research. Place the citations within the paper and put parenthesis around them. The citation contains the author’s last name (if available) and page number.

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Parenthetical Citations

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  1. Parenthetical Citations Use parenthetical citations when you paraphrase your research. • Place the citations within the paper and put parenthesis around them. • The citation contains the author’s last name (if available) and page number. • If there is not an author, the title of the source should be placed in parenthesis along with the page number in which the information was found.

  2. If you use the author’s name to introduce a quote or if citing information that is not your own, only place the page number in parenthesis. • A period is ALWAYS placed after the citation. Example Caroline B. Cooney uses foreshadowing in order to captivate her audiences. For example, she ends chapter one of Code Orange with,“In this case, it was the shelf life of Mitchell John Blake that was uncertain” (14). Pink = Quoted Text – Only put the page number if you introduce the quote with the author’s name.

  3. Parenthetical Citation Examples Mitty Blake’s ethics are similar to those of teenagers in the 21st century. The era of iPods, cell phones, and text messaging has taken the country by storm and has allowed a nation of youth to practice laziness as a fine art (Cooney 29). For example, Mitty had four weeks to complete ten pages of notes for his Advanced Biology research paper. However, he started to work on the assignment the day before it was due (Cooney 29). (Purple = Paraphrased Text)

  4. Parenthetical Citation Examples • Caroline B. Cooney uses foreshadowing in order to captivate her audiences. For example, she ends chapter one of Code Orange with, “In this case, it was the shelf life of Mitchell John Blake that was uncertain” (14). Pink = Quoted Text

  5. If a source does not include an author's name, substitute the author's name with the title or an abbreviated title in the text or parenthetical citation. Underline the title if the source is a book; if the source is an article, use quotation marks. Example: Paraphrased Text The use of Student Systems Tech has grown over the years (“Student Service Is Important”). article’s title because an author is not listed

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