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Text entry on handheld computers by older users

Text entry on handheld computers by older users. Patricia Wright, Christine Bartram, Nick Rogers, Hazel Emslie , Jonathan Evans, Barbara Wilson and Steve Belt. 第三組 組長 黃立仲 組員 張道恆 廖經富 林振凱 黃玟慧 羅心怡 廖偉呈. 大綱. 簡介. 研究背景 research background

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Text entry on handheld computers by older users

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  1. Text entry on handheld computers by older users Patricia Wright, Christine Bartram, Nick Rogers, Hazel Emslie, Jonathan Evans, Barbara Wilson and Steve Belt 第三組組長 黃立仲組員 張道恆 廖經富 林振凱 黃玟慧 羅心怡 廖偉呈

  2. 大綱

  3. 簡介 研究背景 research background • 因為輕巧、方便攜帶,十分符合商業人士的需求,越來越多的手上型電腦出現。但是研究也發現畜牧和技術操作的輔助也會使用(Lewis and Davies 1998),他們常用來作為記憶輔助工具,或是有記憶問題的人(老年人或是腦傷者)都可以用以作為生活輔助(Wright et sl.2000)。

  4. 相關論文 REFERENCE • 1、研究顯示,即使是最普通的觸控家電(微坡爐),如果重新設計界面,將會更適合老人(Loring 1995) • 2、觸控鍵盤的缺點: • Modedness:鍵不能太多,所以必須有特殊功能的按鍵(英數轉換) ,但會造成混淆 • Size:按鍵大小受到螢幕限制,造成 u、v分不清楚;鍵間距太小 ,易按錯 • Feedback:不像是實體按鍵有回饋,可能因觸碰過久造成輸入兩次的錯誤感應;或是不知道按到與否

  5. 研究目的 research purpose • 欲探討,針對老人設計,使用手上型電腦是有實體鍵盤還是觸控的比較適合他們?

  6. 研究假設Hypothesis • 長者較適合有實體鍵盤的 • data entry by older workers is easier when the pocket computer has a physical keyboard, not just a touch screen keyboard.

  7. 研究方法

  8. 研究 • 器材 分成兩組 一組給HP 360/LX + Apple Newton 一組給HP 360/LX + 3Com PalmPilot

  9. 實驗方法-初步 1.透過圖卡,操作一般小計算機,回答5題數學加法問題,紀錄準確度以及反應時間 2.LED vs. LCD 3.透過測試「視力檢驗」,測能見距離 4.受試者選擇舒適的字體大小

  10. 實驗方法-主要 1.以打字的方式寫下簡短的片語或片段的日記內容,在最快速度下,紀錄準確率。

  11. 實驗方法-自我評估 以1~10分,在用完一台電腦後,對以下幾點做評估: 1.螢幕上,字的大小 2.螢幕上,字的顏色 3.鍵盤 4.整體使用流暢度

  12. 實驗一 • 按鍵式及觸控式的比較 按鍵式 觸控筆式 Hewlett Packard 360LX Apple Newton 100 PalmPilot(1999)

  13. 準確性 表一 實驗1中使用觸控筆及鍵盤時出現的錯誤

  14. 速度 表三 實驗1中各組完成一次測試所需秒數

  15. 使用偏好 表四 兩組受測者對各機型的偏好(10分為滿分,分數越高越喜好)

  16. 實驗二 • 延伸實驗 • 原因 • 實驗一的數據或許不夠充足 • 實驗一顯示觸控筆的問題不應侷限於一台機器上 • 錯誤率也許會因逐漸熟悉器材而降低

  17. 器材 按鍵式 Hewlett Packard 360LX 筆觸控 Philips Nino

  18. 流程

  19. 試驗者 • 範圍:56~68歲 • 平均年齡:60.63歲 • 標準差:4.4歲

  20. 準確率與速度 階段一 階段二

  21. 偏好評比 不同介面屬性的偏好(10分為滿分,越高越好)

  22. 看法 • Modedness、size、feedback • 或許以上三個問題並不侷限於老人 • 這些問題是否會阻礙人們做文字的輸入?

  23. 實驗三 • To see if difficulties in using the touch-screen keyboard would disappear with practice in different ages. • 24 participants 1. Younger (18 – 25 , 4 male 4 female) 2. Mid (35 – 45 , 4 male 4 female) 3. Older (55 – 65 , 4 male 4 female)

  24. 方法 The experimenter read a short phrase, typical of diary appointments, and participants entered this into a horizontal slot.

  25. 實驗三 Accuracy : older people has higher accuracy Speed : younger people has higher speed

  26. 實驗三 Using pen-based computers are not confined to older people and do not disappear with the amount of practice.

  27. 實驗三 Tapping the right key and doing so with appropriate pressurewere the main causes of errors with the touch-screen keyboard.

  28. 研究結果與結論 • 結果 • 1.發現老年人準確度和速度在使用觸控螢時幕有明顯下降,甚至在練習後(實驗2與3)還是會有失誤的情形發生。 • 2.年輕人比起老年人使用觸控螢幕速度較快,但是準確度不一定比老年人高。

  29. 結論 • Pen-based is not better than touch-screen. • The problem of pen-based is pressure rather than tapping. • Intelligent software is helpful in some contexts. • Handwriting'saccuracy is not higher than touch-screen keyboard. • A possibility way is to improve the touch-screen. • The olders need more time to learn about touch-screen,so keyboard is required.

  30. Appreciatefor your attention Q&A

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