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Business Organization Alternatives. Organization Alternatives. Sole proprietorship General partnership Limited partnership Corporation Sub S Regular Limited liability company. Examine. Advantages and disadvantages Tax issues Transfer of business interest. Sole Proprietorship.
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Organization Alternatives • Sole proprietorship • General partnership • Limited partnership • Corporation • Sub S • Regular • Limited liability company
Examine • Advantages and disadvantages • Tax issues • Transfer of business interest
Sole Proprietorship • Advantages: • Simple • Complete control • Fewer record/reporting requirements
Sole Proprietorship • Disadvantages: • Limited capital • All management & liability • Owners die: business terminates • Estate planning limitations
General Partnership • Advantages: • Easy to form • No income tax is paid by partnership • Income tax benefits flow through to partners
General Partnership • Disadvantages: • Liability for actions of partner • Conflicts between partners • Management control
Suggested Partnership Provisions • Who are the partners • Business name and date formed • Purpose of the business • Duration • Capital contributions and withdrawal provisions • Management, time, vacations, and salary • How are decisions made?
Suggested Partnership Provisions • How are profits and losses shared • Partner rights and obligations • What assets are owned by partnership versus on loan? Who owns what? • Termination provisions • How are disputes resolved?
Limited Partnership • 1 or more general partners • 1 or more limited partners • Limited liability • No management • Estate planning issues for heirs of limited partner(s)
C Corporations • Advantages: • Limited liability • Easily transferable • Death does not terminate
C Corporations • Disadvantages: • Establishment cost • Franchise tax • Formality – Board of Directors • Possible income tax problems -double taxation • Borrowing ability of business
S Corporations • Advantages: • Limited liability • Easily transferable • Death does not terminate • Tax benefits pass to shareholders
S Corporations • Disadvantages: • Establishment cost & franchise tax • Formality: board of directors, etc. • Limited number of permissible shareholders & only 1 stock class • Borrowing ability of business • Only transfer stock to eligible shareholder (another corp or partnership)
Formality • Must have name and certificate of incorporation • Capital must be transferred to corporation • Must elect directors • Must have business meetings and keep minutes • Must create a set of by-laws
Limited Liability Company • Classified as a partnership or corporation • Limits liability • Articles of organization with Secretary of State • Taxation issues • Fringe benefits
Other Tax Issues • Payroll - $150/yr for 1 employee or total to all is >$2,500: must report payroll taxes • Self Employment (SE) Tax 15.3% + 2.9% = 17.2% total up to $106,800 • Hobby loss issue
Hobby Loss • Business like manner of operation • Seek advice • Amount of time spent • Value of the assets growing • Profit motive • Profit and loss history • Other income • Personal pleasure and recreation
Conclusion • Consider what type of entity best fits needs • Consult an attorney and/or tax specialist • Seek information from others who are using various types of business organizations