Warm-up #21 Feb. 9

1. The western part of California is located on a boundary between two tectonic plates. Would most of the metamorphic rock in that occur in small patches or wide regions? How do you know? Warm-up #21 Feb. 9

2. Chapter 3 Rocks

3. A rock is any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally as part of our planet. • There are 3 major type: • Igneous • Sedimentary • Metamorphic Rocks

4. Shows the relationship among the three rock types . Proposed by James Hutton in the late 1700s. Interactions among Earth’s water, air, land, and living things can cause rocks to change from one form to another The continuous processes that cause rock to change make up the rock cycle The rock Cycle

6. Magma – molten material that forms deep beneath Earth’s surface • Cools and hardens as the result of volcanic eruption • Igneous rocks form • Undergo weathering form Sedimentary rocks • Sedimentary rocks in time morph into metamorphic rocks The rock Cycle

7. Process in which rocks are physically and chemically broken down • What types of things do this? • Water • Air • Living things • Weathered materials are called sediments Weathering

8. The full rock cycle doesn’t always have to happen. Sedimentary rock can melt. Igneous rock can morph. Sedimentary and Metamorphic rocks can be weathered. Rock Cycle

9. http://www.sascurriculumpathways.com Login, quick launch # is 71 Read the introduction pages Reseach and respond to the questions provided. Do this on a separate sheet of paper Does that rock have a Future?

10. Warm-up #19 Feb. 7 Texture and composition are two characteristics used to classify igneous rock • Texture • Coarse-grained • Fine-grained • Glassy • Porphyritic • Composition • Granitic • Basaltic • Andesitic

11. Rocks are considered the building blocks of the Earth Rock is defined as a group of minerals bound together in some way There are three types ROCKS

12. Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary Types

13. Igneous rocks form from magma • Magma comes in different types • Felsic • Mafic • There are 2 types of igneous rocks • Intrusive • Extrusive Igneous

14. High in silicates Light in color Typically forms at the top of a magma chamber Felsic Magma

15. Low in silicates Higher in magnesium and iron Dark colored Typically forms at the bottom of the magma chamber Mafic magma

16. Form underneath the Earth’s surface as magma cools and solidifies These rocks tend to have visible mineral crystals because of the slow cooling intrusive

17. Granite Diorite Rhyolite Common intrusive igneous rocks

18. Forms outside Earth’s crust Cools quickly Very few mineral crystals are visible Extrusive igneous rocks

19. Obsidian Pumice Basalt Common extrusive rocks

20. Dichotomous key for igneous rocks Are your rock grains sand-sized or smaller? Yes No Does your rock look like black glass? Yes Does your rock contain quartz? Yes Obsidian No Granite No Yes Will your rock float on water? Is your rock mostly dark colored? Yes Basalt No Gabbro Does your rock contain quartz? No Yes No Diorite Rhyolite Andesite

21. How do igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks differ? What powers Earth’s rock cycle? Warm-up #20 Feb. 8

22. All sedimentary rocks start as small pieces called sediment Sediment is then compacted and cemented into rocks Sedimentary Rocks

23. Weathering is usually the first step in the formation Chemical weathering takes place when minerals in rocks change into new substances Physical weathering takes place when minerals or rocks just break into smaller pieces Formation

24. Sediment doesn’t usually stay in one place It is moved by water, wind, ice, gravity Erosion– weathering and removal When the agent of erosion loses power or energy, it drops the sediment Formation

25. Compaction – process that squeezes sediments Cementation takes place when dissolved minerals are deposited in the tiny spaces among sediments Formation

26. Two main categories • Clastic • Chemical Classification

27. Made by weathered bits of rocks and minerals • Then grouped by size of the sediment • Conglomerate – large rounded particles • Breccia – angular pieces • Sandstone – pieces the size of sand • Shale – very fine-grained sediment • Siltstone – another fine-grained category Clastic

28. Formed when dissolved minerals precipitate from water solutions • Limestone chemical

29. Formed when rocks and minerals undergo changes caused by heat, pressure and chemical fluids. Metamorphic Rocks

30. Contact metamorphism • Hot magma moves into rocks • Brings minor changes • Marble often forms from this • Regional metamorphism • Large-scale deformation and high-grade metamorphism • May occur during mountain building Metamorphism

31. Heat – MOST IMPORTANT • Provides energy to drive a reaction • Comes from magma and change in temp. with depth • Pressure – increases with depth • Cause rock to flow • Hydrothermal solutions Agents of metamorphism

32. Foliated • More compact • More dense • Nonfoliated • Doesn’t have a banded texture • Contains only one mineral Classification - texture

33. http://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/

34. Draw a quick sketch of the rock cycle. What types of things cause weathering and erosion Ticket out the door