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Warm-Up

Warm-Up. Timeline 1200s-1350. Timeline 1450s-1550s. Timeline 1500s-1600s. Timeline 1700s-1800. Video Review. Who were the Janisarries? To whom were they loyal? Where was the Ottoman Empire located? Who founded the Ottoman Empire? What were his followers called?

evelyn-rodriguez
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Warm-Up

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  1. Warm-Up

  2. Timeline 1200s-1350

  3. Timeline 1450s-1550s

  4. Timeline 1500s-1600s

  5. Timeline 1700s-1800

  6. Video Review • Who were the Janisarries? To whom were they loyal? • Where was the Ottoman Empire located? • Who founded the Ottoman Empire? What were his followers called? • How did the Ottomans treat the people they conquered? • What famous city did Mehmed II conquer? • What was the country of Turkey formerly known as?

  7. Identify the modern country. Then tell me if it was Ottoman, Mughal, or Safavid. C F B E D A

  8. From 1300 to 1700, three “gunpowder empires” dominated parts of Europe, Africa, & Asia The Safavid Empire The Mughal Empire The Ottoman Empire

  9. These empires were unique but shared some similarities: All 3 empires were able to conquer neighboring people because they formed strong armies using rifles & artillery

  10. These empires were unique but shared some similarities: All 3 empires were Islamic & ruled by Muslim leaders with well-organized governments made up of loyal bureaucrats • Bureaucracy: • administrative system: • an administrative system, especially in a government, that divides work into specific categories carried out by special departments of nonelected officials

  11. These empires were unique but shared some similarities: All 3 empires blended their culture with neighboring societies to create a high point of Islamic culture

  12. Unscramble the words • Vishredme • Nictrubote • Srainjaes • IhemmeId • Noasm • Yertuk • Traolent • Naoliata • Christian boys who convert to Islam, were educated, and trained for the military by the Ottomans. They were only loyal to the sultan. • Institution in which Christian boys are converted to Islam, educated, and trained for positions in the Ottoman military or bureaucracy. • Where the Ottoman Empire originated • The Ottomans valued people based on what they could _________ to the empire. • Ottomans were very _______ of other religions • He founded the Ottoman Empire. His followers were called Ottomans. • He conquered Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul. • The country of Turkey was formerly known as ___________ Answers: Devshirme B Contribute D Janissaries A Mehmed II G Osman F Turkey C Tolerant E Anatolia H

  13. AKS 41:The Muslim World Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals Chapter 18 – Pages 507-521

  14. Ottoman Empire:Osman (Othman) (1300-1326) • Founded the Ottoman Empire • Established small Muslim state in Anatolia (Turkey) • Ghazis • Gained territory by buying land, forming alliances, using new technology to conquer others • Briefly Ottoman expansion was halted by Timur the Lame from Central Asia in the early 1400s

  15. Ottoman Empire:Mehmed II (1444-1446, 1451-1481) • Conquered Constantinople - 1453 • Opened it to new citizens of many religions and backgrounds • Rebuilt city – renamed it Istanbul

  16. Ottoman Empire:Selim the Grim (1512-1520) • Mehmed’s grandson • Defeated Safavids in 1514 - Battle of Chaldiran • Swept into Syria, Palestine, & North Africa • Captured Mecca & Medina • Declared himself the new caliph • Finally captured Cairo (intellectual center of Muslim world)

  17. *Given title of “Lawgiver” for simplifying system of taxation & reducing government bureaucracy Ottoman Empire:Suleyman the Lawgiver (1520-1566) • Selim’s son • Conquered European city of Belgrade in 1521 • Military conquest in N. Africa, C. Europe, E. Med. • Controlled trade routes in interior • Given title of “Lawgiver” for simplifying system of taxation, reducing government bureaucracy, creating a law code, and cultural achievements • Most powerful monarch for his time

  18. Ottoman Decline • Lost the military edge and were surpassed by the Europeans • Economic turmoil (wars drained the treasury) • Corrupt officials (selling positions of power • The empire collapsed at the end of WWI

  19. Ottoman Empire:Religion • Sunni Islam • Granted freedom of worship to other Christian communities (Christians & Jews) • Allowed each religious community (millet) to follow its own religious laws & practices • Head of millets reported to the sultan • This kept conflict among ppl of the various religions to a min.

  20. Economy • Personal tax on non-Muslims; • Suleiman simplified tax code; • Turks controlled trade routes and eastern Mediterranean

  21. Ottoman Empire:The Arts • Pop. subjects – poetry, hist., geog., astronomy, math, architecture • Sinan, an architect, built Mosque of Suleyman • Art and lit. flourished – similar to Euro. Renaissance • Ottoman influence in architecture can be found today in Spain • Looked to Persia & Arabia for models • Combined w/ Turkish style (cultural blending)

  22. Ottoman Empire:Law • Followed Islamic law (Sharia) • Suleyman created a law code to handle criminal & civil actions • Devshirme: • 20,000 slaves handle palace bureaucracy. Slaves gotten through the Devshirme • Devshirme = system in which sultan’s army drafted boys from the conquered Christian territories and educated them. • They were trained and converted to Islam. According to individual ability, the boys entered either the Ottoman civilian administration or the military. • Janissaries = elite force of 30,000 soldiers loyal to the sultan only

  23. government • Military state divided into military administrative units and religious millets; governed by Islamic law

  24. Warm Up: The Ottomans • Who stretched the Ottoman Empire to its greatest size? • Who was the founder of the Empire? • Who reformed laws, simplified taxation, restructured the government, and was known as “the Magnificent?” • Who conquered Mecca and Medina? • Who temporarily interrupted Ottoman expansion? • Who are the Devshirme? • Who are the Janissaries? • Why did the Ottoman Empire decline? The empire lasted up until what major event in history? • Why was the Battle of Chaldiran fought? Who was the victor? What border did it decide? • Who conquered Constantinople? What did he rename it?

  25. How many people are in the Ottoman Empire at its height? Who had the most territory at the height of its Empire: Roman or Safavid How much larger was the population of the Mughal Empire at its height than the population of the Roman Empire

  26. Safavids • Shi’a branch of Islam • Geographically in between the Ottomans, Uzbek tribes people, and the Mughal empire. • Focused on military strength • Were originally members of an Islamic brotherhood

  27. Safavid Empire:Isma’il (1501-1524) • 12 yrs old when he came to power • Conquered Persia (modern-day Iran) • Took title of “shah,” or king, to celebrate • Outlawed Sunni Islam • Later lost Battle of Chaldiran to Selim the Grim of the Ottoman Empire • The Battle of Chaldiran formed the borders between Iraq and Iran.

  28. Safavid Empire:Tahmasp (1524-1576) • Isma’il’s son • Adopted use of artillery w/ his military forces • Expanded Safavid up to Caucasus Mtns (NE of Turkey)

  29. Safavid Golden Age: Shah Abbas (1587-1629) • Reformed military & civilian life • Proficient government • Rebuilt Esfahan • Created 2 new armies loyal to him alone to maintain empire • One army made of Persians • One army recruited from Christian N. • Both armies equipped w/ artillery

  30. Safavid Decline • Abbas killed or blinded his most able sons in order to maintain power • Series of weak rulers • Economic turmoil (wars drained the treasury) • Corrupt officials (selling positions of power) • 1747 Nadir Shah Afshar in power, but cruel. One of his own troops assassinated him. • No more Safavids

  31. Safavid Empire: (Golden Age)Religion • Tolerant of other religions • Abbas brought members of Christian religious orders into the empire • Result: Europeans moved in; industry, trade, & art exchanges grew

  32. Economy • Taxes and trade

  33. Safavid Empire:The Arts • Artistry flourished • Esfahan, new capital, built – beautiful design • Abbas brought Chinese artisans to work w/ Safavid artists to produce metalwork, mini paintings, calligraphy, glasswork, tile work, & pottery • Most Important: Persian carpets • Demand from W turned it from a local industry to a national industry • Cultural blending was everywhere • Abbas sent artist to Europe to study under Renaissance artist Raphael

  34. Safavid Empire:Law • Abbas reformed gov’t • Punished corruption severely • Promoted only officials who proved their competence & loyalty • Hired foreigners from neighboring countries to fill positions in gov’t

  35. Warm Up: The Safavids • Where was the Safavid Empire located? • Who ruled during the empire’s golden age? What were his accomplishments? • Why did cultural blending occur within the empire? • What religion were the Safavids? • What group did the Safavids originally belong to? • Who founded the Safavid Empire? • Why did the empire collapse?

  36. The Mughals were Muslims who descended from Turks, Afghans, & Mongols living in central Asia Like the Ottomans & Safavids, the Mughals built a powerful army with guns & cannons

  37. Mughal Empire:Babur (1494-1530) • 11 yrs old, inherited kingdom that is now Uzbekistan and Tajikistan • Elders took it away & drove him S. • Raised army, swept S. into modern-day India– laid foundation for Mughal Empire

  38. What does acquisition mean? What is being portrayed in this map? What lands were added to the Ottoman Empire in 1566? In what year/years were the holy cities of Islam added?

  39. Mughal Video 3

  40. “A monarch should ever be intent on conquest, otherwise his neighbors rise in arms against him.” - Akbar Mughal Empire:Akbar (1556-1605) • AKA “Great One” b/c he added more territory than any other Mughal emperor • Unified land of at least 100 million people • Equipped army w/ heavy artillery • turned enemies into allies by appointing some of them into government

  41. Mughal Empire:Aurangzeb (1658-1707) • Executed older brother, put father (Shah Jahan) in prison • Gained support of Muslims who feared loosing their religious identity and being absorbed into Hindu society as another caste • Master military strategist & aggressive empire builder • Expanded Mughal holdings to their greatest size, but power weakened during his reign due to oppression of the people

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