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Explore South Africa's water policy, resource accounts, monetary analysis, and comparison with neighboring countries. Gain insights into water scarcity challenges and management strategies.

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  1. Presentation to the User-Producer Conference: Water Accounting for Integrated Water Resource Management Water Accounts in South Africa Anemé Malan Statistics South Africa

  2. Structure of presentation • Background • SA’s water policy • Water resource accounts in SA • Monetary analysis • Way forward • Comparison between countries

  3. Background (1) Water management areas of SA

  4. Background (2) Some figures • Average rainfall: 500 mm/annum (= 612 billion m3); • Natural Mean Annual Runoff: 49 billion m3; • Dam Storage Capacity: 32 billion m3; • Reserved for Ecological River Use: 9,5 billion m3; • 1:50 Yield: 13,2 billion m3; • Surface water’s contribution to yield: 78% • Ground water’s contribution to yield: 8% • Usable Return Flows: 14%

  5. Background (3) Yield

  6. Background (4) Development imperatives versus Water Scarcity • Rural (domestic & stock watering); • Urban (Direct (domestic) & Indirect (industrial, commercial, public)); • Mining & Bulk (not via municipalities); • Power generation; • Irrigation; • Afforestation; • Transfers;

  7. SA’s water policy (1) National Water Policy (NWP) • Adopted by Cabinet in 1997; • 3 fundamental objectives to manage water resources • Equitable access to water • Sustainable use of water • Efficient and effective water use

  8. SA’s water policy (2) National Water Act (NWA) of SA 1998 • Principal legal instrument for implementing objectives of NWP • Key provisions and fundamental changes include: • Transforming legal access and rights to water; • Ensuring provision of water for basic human need and protection of aquatic ecosystems; • Decentralising water management through more enabling institutions; • Pricing for financial and environmental sustainability, ecn. efficiency and social equity; • Refocus on water conservation and demand management; • NWRS of 2004;

  9. Water resource accounts in SA (1) • Towards WRA for RSA 1991-1998(RANESA; CSIR; DEAT/Stats SA/DWAF/WRC/AG); • Upper Vaal River Account (Stats SA; Conningarth); • Accounts for 2000 (Stats SA); • Draft updated accounts for 1995 and 2000 • (Stats SA; RANESA; CIC);

  10. Water resource accounts in SA (2) • Constructed Flow Accounts • 1st step: I-O matrix for 20 areas for 1995 and 2000. • Used SEEA guidelines consistent with NWA & NWRS • Advantages: • Provides non-econ with easier interpretation of water flows in econ framework • Prevent double countingduring interpretation & application of complex hydrological numbers • 2nd step: Some macro-ecn adjustments to national I-O table to ensure consitency with SEEA guidelines. • 3rd step: National I-O WRA converted to the adjusted UN SUT-format.

  11. Water resource accounts in SA (3) • Some differences • Yield instead of MAR • Environmental reserve • Classifications – ISIC vs NWRS (e.g. Rural development and stream flow reduction unique to SA?) • Stock accounts were not compiled - this is not useful for SA water managers • Various types of analyses were done (e.g. Pathways - and spatial analyses )

  12. Use Supply Water resource accounts in SA (3) Water flow account structure: I-O framework

  13. Production (ISIC?) • Agriculture • Dry land and irrigation • Livestock • Plantation • Mining • Electricity • Other Bulk industrial • Other commercial and industrial • Domestic • Urban • Rural Water resource accounts in SA (4) • Environment • Atmosphere and sea • Natural MAR • Surface water yield • Ground water • Soil water • Ecological reserve Link with DWAF Irrigation Rural (stock watering) Afforastation Mining Power generation Bulk Urban (indirect (industrial, Commercial, public)) Urban (direct (domestic)) Rural domestic • Distributors • DWAF (total yield) • Irrigation boards • Water boards • Municipalities • ROW and other WMAs

  14. Monetary analysis Using other data sources e.g. SUT, NA • Expenditure on water by ecn sector; • Indicators of income & empl supported by water use in production; • Tarrifs on water use; • Expenditure and subsidies on water by distribution sectors;

  15. Way forward • Hydrologists and Economists; • Construction of monetary accounts: Water pricing is important for water demand management; • Water quality, specifically the impact of water quality on the water yield (volume); • Policy;

  16. Namibia South Africa Botswana Total water use (million m3) 256 14 830 142 Per capita water use (m3per person) 157 365 95 Per capita water use except agriculture (m3 per capita) 69 98 49 Comparison between countries (1) Water use in Namibia, South Africa, Botswana in 1996

  17. Namibia South Africa Botswana Agriculture 58 73 48 Mining 10 3 11 Manufacturing 2 1 1 Services,Trade, Govt. 3 9 9 Households 29 13 31 Comparison between countries (2) Water use by sector in Namibia, South Africa, Botswana, 1996 (%)

  18. Comparison between countries (3) National income generated per m3 of water used by sector, 1996 (pula/m3 of water used)

  19. Thank you Anemé Malan anemem@statssa.gov.za www.statssa.gov.za

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