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Factors Affecting Solubility

Factors Affecting Solubility. pH Common Ion Effect Formation of Complex Ions. BaSO 4 ( s ). Ba 2+ ( aq ) + SO 4 2 − ( aq ). Common Ion Effect.

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Factors Affecting Solubility

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  1. Factors Affecting Solubility pH Common Ion Effect Formation of Complex Ions

  2. BaSO4(s) Ba2+(aq) + SO42−(aq) Common Ion Effect If one of the ions in a solution equilibrium is already dissolved in the solution, the equilibrium will shift to the left and the solubility of the salt will decrease.

  3. Common Ion Effect Example • Calculate the solubility of solid CaF2(Ksp = 4 x 10 -11) in a 0.025 M NaF solution. CaF2 (s)  Ca+2 + 2 F- Ksp = 4 x 10-11 = [Ca+2] [ F-]2

  4. pH • If a substance has a basic anion, it will be more soluble in an acidic solution. • Cl-, I-, Br- • Substances with acidic cations are more soluble in basic solutions.

  5. pH Example • What is the effect of adding a strong acid on the solubility of silver acetate? • Silver acetate dissolves: AgC2H3O2(s)  Ag+(aq) + C2H3O2- (aq) • Acetate ion combines with H+(aq) ions from strong acid: H+(aq) + C2H3O2- (aq) HC2H3O2 (aq) • [Acetate ion] is lowered by adding strong acid to form a weak acid. • According to Le Chatelier's principle, the solubility equilibrium will shift to the right, causing more silver acetate to dissolve.

  6. Complex Ions • Question: What is a complex ion? • Answer: A metal ion surrounded by ligands • Metal ions can act as Lewis acids and form complex ions with Lewis bases in the solvent.

  7. More Complex Ions Ligand = Lewis Base, has lone pair that can be donated to empty orbital on metal to form a covalent bond Coordination Number(s) of 6,4,2 are most common.

  8. Complex Ions • The formation of these complex ions increases the solubility of these salts.

  9. Amphoterism • Amphoteric metal oxides and hydroxides are soluble in strong acid or base, because they can act either as acids or bases. • Examples of such cations are Al3+, Zn2+, and Sn2+.

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