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Postmodernism in literature and the other arts

Part 2. Postmodernism in literature and the other arts. Jackson Pollock : No. 5 (1948). (19 64 ). DADAISM. (1973). Previously…. Theoretical background. MOST COMMON MIS CONCEPTIONS ABOUT POSTMODERNISM. Radical skepticism about ABSOLUTE TRUTH. Denial of the existence of ANY truth.

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Postmodernism in literature and the other arts

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  1. Part 2 Postmodernism in literature and the other arts

  2. Jackson Pollock:No. 5 (1948)

  3. (1964)

  4. DADAISM

  5. (1973)

  6. Previously…. Theoretical background

  7. MOST COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT POSTMODERNISM Radical skepticism about ABSOLUTE TRUTH Denial of the existence of ANY truth Representation of the CHAOTIC nature of the contemporary world Representation of the COMPLEXITY of the world Postmodernism is about DESPAIR and the MEANINGLESSNESS of life Postmodernist thought aims at a PLAYFUL restructuring of our ordinary ways of perceiving and representing the world

  8. Postmodernism A conscious problematization of what is “true” and “real”/an inquiry into how “truth” and “reality” are made rather than found. Questioning the Platonist/metaphysical foundations of Western philosophy

  9. METAPHYSICS Socrates  Plato  Aristotle WORLD Appearance Replica (copy) Contingent Perishable Physical Material Reality Ideal form Essential Eternal Mental Non-Material VS.

  10. STRUCTURALISM Fredinand de Saussure (1857-1913) LangueParole (Language as a system) (Actual utterances) Sign Signifier Signified Referent Language is a system of differences

  11. DECONSTRUCTION (Post-structuralism) Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) “Structure Sign and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences” (1966)

  12. Signifier Signifier Signifier SIGNIFIER Signifier Signifier Signifier Signifier Signifier Signifier Signifier

  13. SIMULACRUM AND HYPERREALITY Jean Baudrillard Simulacra and Simulation (1981)

  14. POST-STRUCTURALISM (Deconstruction) Jacques Derrida “Structure Sign and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences” (1966)

  15. DISTRUST OF GRAND (META)NARRATIVES Jean-Francois Lyotard: The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge (1979) • Examples of grand metanarratives: • Various historical accounts (e.g., universal, cultural, literary history) • Philosophical world-models (e.g., Western metaphysics) • Redemptive ideologies (e.g., religion, Marxism) • Explicative narratives (e.g., science, psychoanalysis) • Narratives of heroism and love (e.g., romantic novels)

  16. CHAOS OR COMPLEXITY?

  17. THE METAPHYSICS OF BINARY STRUCTURES LITERARY WORK WORK OF ART WORLD SIGN Appearance Reality Text Form Signifier Signified Content Meaning

  18. THE POSTMODERN VIEW • No pointinmakingbinary disctinctions: • REALITY is a kind of APPEARANCE (Baudrillard) • SIGNIFIED is a kind of SIGNIFIER (Derrida) • CONTENT is a kind of FORM • MEANING is a kind of TEXT

  19. MODERNISM POSTMODERNISM VS. Georges Braque: Violin and Candlestick (1910) Jackson Pollock:No. 5 (1948)

  20. Arnold Schoenberg: Five Pieces for Orchestra (1909)

  21. John Cage: Imaginary Landscapes (1939)

  22. MODERNIST ARCHITECTURE

  23. POSTMODERNIST ARCHITECTURE

  24. MODERNISM • Rejection of Romanticist and Realist modes of representation • Self-consciousness • Radical subjectivization of the object • Paradigm shift intheperception and representation of theworld

  25. Romanticism Caspar David Friedrich: Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog (1818)

  26. Realism Adolf von Menzel: Portait of Karoline Arnold (1905)

  27. Modernism (1911)

  28. DALÍ AND PICASSO PAINTING THE “SAME” EGG

  29. MODERNIST FICTION The story of the Compson family subjectivized through the mode of representation  stream of consciousness William Faulkner: The Sound and the Fury (1929)

  30. A postmodernist text is not the subjectivized representation of a “story,” a “situation,” an “event,” etc., but a textual world in its own right

  31. Reading for the signified Signifier(s) Signified

  32. Signifier Signified

  33. The reader is forced to face signifiers as signifiers Signifier(s) Signifier(s)

  34. Signifier(s) Signified

  35. Postmodernism emphasizes that • all literary texts are material objects (signifiers) • all literary texts are simulacra

  36. Modernism vs. Postmodernism Brian McHale (via Roman Jakobson) MODERNISM POSTMODERNISM Epistemological Ontological “Dominant” Brian McHale: Postmodernist Fiction (1987)

  37. Modernism vs. Postmodernism Purpose Design Finished Work Semantics Metaphysics Play Chance Performance Rhetorics Irony Ihab Hassan: The Postmodern Turn (1975)

  38. Techniques used in postmodernist literary works - Irony - Pastiche - Intertextuality - Metafiction - Metalepsis

  39. The Dead Father (1975) Donald Barthelme (1931-1989)

  40. John Barth (b. 1930) “The Literature of Exhaustion” (1967) By “exhaustion” I don’t mean anything so tired as the subject of physical, moral, or intellectual decadence, only the used-upness of certain forms or the felt exhaustion of certain possibilities—by no means necessarily a cause for despair.

  41. (1967)

  42. Möbius strip (tangled hierarchy)

  43. Maurits Cornelis Escher: Drawing Hands (1948)

  44. M.C. Escher: Relativity (1953)

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