EÐL620M / Life in the U niverse

1. EÐL620M / Life in the Universe Astrophysics – chemistry – Biology – earth-/planetary sciences • Atoms - chemical bond • Carbon chemical bond • Atoms and molecules in space; • Informations derived from spectroscopy • Molecules in the universe; • Existance and formation • Interactions between light and matter ; • photochemistry, photoionization, • photofragmentation • Thermochemistry in the Universe • Biochemistry

2. s E s : : : : n = 3 n = 2 n = 1 Molecular energies(orbitals) also quantized : : E : : : : : : 2x n = 3 n = 2 2x ? n = 1 2x

3. Net force = F = F+ + F- Attraction forces, F- Repulsion forces, F+ NB - + - + - -

4. - F: F: F: F: . U r 0 * * dU F = - dr * - * r

5. Net force = F = F+ + F- Attraction forces, F- Repulsion forces, F+ U e.g. energy depends on the distance between atoms Potential curve r - + - + - -

6. E E : : : : A(n=3) A(n=3) + B n = 3 n = 3 A(n=2) A(n=2) + B n = 2 n = 2 A(n=1) A(n=1) + B n = 1 n = 1 A A - B rAB

7. Y A(n) + B A(n) + B v = 3 v = 2 E(v) v = 1 v = 0 rAB rAB A - B A - B

8. max Ekin = Evib Evib increases with v Ekin Ekin Upot Upot A - B A B A(n) + B E(v) =Etotal rAB

9. Evib increases with v A - B A B A(n) + B E(v) =Etotal Evib » C(v+1/2) rAB

10. E(J) J=5 J=4 J=3 J=2 J=1 J=0 E(J)increases with J E(J) = BJ(J+1)

11. A-B A E(n) E(v) : : n ¥ : E(J) n=3 : : n=2 E(n) : : n=1 E(n)

12. A-B A E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)

15. A-B A E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)

18. A-B A E(n) E(v) : : n ¥ : E(J) n=3 : : n=2 E(n) : : n=1 E(n)

20. ...or emission:

22. A-B A E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)

25. http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/spectra.html Orion nebula H atom

26. Wave- length prism

27. A-B A=H E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)

28. A-B A=H E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)

29. H2

30. Databases: • molecules: • http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/form-ser.html.en-us.en • http://www.atmosphere.mpg.de/enid/41f558ea2dcc24a0ead3ab58afde0443,0/Spectra/Catalogue_Spectra_5p4.html • atoms: • http://www.nist.gov/pml/data/asd.cfm • http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/amdata/ampdata/kurucz23/sekur.html

32. A-B A E(n) n ¥ : E(v) E(J) n=3 n=2 E(n) n=1 E(n)

33. carbonmonoxide Microwave spectra / Rotational spectra methanol Glycine

34. Glycine but:

35. Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules

36. Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells :

37. : Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells:

38. :Molecules in the Interstellar Medium or Circumstellar Shells

39. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10542.html:

40. Formed in the vicinity of young stars (?)

42. % elements by weight »75% »25% <1% Hydrogen(H) Helium(He) other(C,O,N,Si..)

43. + -

44. + + + + + nhn + - nAB nAB = nhn E

45. + -

46. + + + + + + nhn - nAB nAB = nhn E

47. H – detection?: - H nonpolar => no absorption due to rotational or vibrational excitations • Absorption in the vacuum UV region / affected by the atmosphere Earth

48. H – detection?: - H nonpolar => no absorption due to rotational or vibrational excitations • Absorption in the vacuum UV region / affected by the atmosphere Earth

49. l = 21 cm n = 1420.4 MHz Lifetime: ..........106 ár (t0) Effective lifetime...500 ár (t)

50. http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/spectra.html Orion nebula H atom