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The Incas

The Incas. 16.3 Chapter 16 Section 3. Geography. Located in South America Began in the Andes Mountains Capital is located in present-day Peru Deserts, snowy mountains, fertile valleys, lush forests. Create an Empire.

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The Incas

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  1. The Incas 16.3 Chapter 16 Section 3

  2. Geography • Located in South America • Began in the Andes Mountains • Capital is located in present-day Peru • Deserts, snowy mountains, fertile valleys, lush forests

  3. Create an Empire • Mid 1400’s- Emperor Pachacuti [pah-chah-KOO-tee] began to expand territory • Early 1500’s-empire was huge • From Ecuador to central Chile • About 12 million people lived in empire

  4. Strong Central Government • Conquered landruledby trusted governmentofficials • Kids sent to capital to learn Inca way • Returned later • Quechua [KE-chuh-wuh] officialIncalanguage • All business spoken in this language • Still spoken today

  5. Economy • Governmentstrictly controlled economy • People worked for government and themselves • Mita [MEE-tah]- labor tax • No merchants or markets • Government distributed goods • Leftovers stored for later

  6. Social Divisions • Upper Class • Emperor, priests, government officials • Didn’t pay labor tax, best clothes, lived in stone houses • Could relax in Machu Picchu

  7. Lower Class • Farmers, artisans, servants • Maize, peanuts, potatoes, and llamas • NO slaves • Lived simply • Law stated couldn’t own more than needed to survive

  8. Religion • Rulers related to sun god; could never die • Sacrifices • Rarely human • Llamas, cloth, or food • Outside capital people worshipped other gods • Certain items had magical powers

  9. Achievements • Grand builders • Masonry [stonework] • Network of roads • 2 major highways • Artisans • Pottery, gold and silver jewerly, textiles • NO WRITTEN LANGUAGE • Quipas [ KEE-pooz] knotted cord system • Official “memorizers”

  10. Pizarro Conquers the Incas • 1520’s- civil war broke out after emperor died • Atahualpa [ah-tah-WAHL-pah] new leader • Francisco Pizarro • 1532 met new ruler, surprise attack • 180 vs. 1,000’s • Captured emperor

  11. Ruler for price • More than 24 tons of gold and silver • Worth millions of $ today • Still killed ruler; feared retribution • 1537- Pizarro defeated Incas • Spain took control of empire for next 300 years

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