1 / 24

CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE & CELL ORGANISATION

CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE & CELL ORGANISATION. 2.1 : Cell Structure and Function. Cellular Components of Animal Cell. Cellular Components of Plants Cell. Functions of Cellular Components of Animals & Plants Cell. Plasma membrane. The outer covering of the cell Functions:

leoma
Download Presentation

CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE & CELL ORGANISATION

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE & CELL ORGANISATION 2.1 : Cell Structure and Function

  2. Cellular Components of Animal Cell Tr.Rez@SB2013

  3. Cellular Components of Plants Cell Tr.Rez@SB2013

  4. Functions of Cellular Components of Animals & Plants Cell Tr.Rez@SB2013

  5. Plasma membrane • The outer covering of the cell • Functions: • separates the cell from its environment and allows materials to enter and leave the cell • Consist of two layer of phospholipids Tr.Rez@SB2013

  6. Tr.Rez@SB2013

  7. Cell wall • Provides support & protection for the cell • Prevents the cell from bursting in dilute solutions Tr.Rez@SB2013

  8. Cytoplasm • Gives shape to the cell • Supports & protects the cell organelles • In general, it provides a medium for all cellular metabolic reactions • Provides a medium to produce energy, to manufacture materials & to store minerals Tr.Rez@SB2013

  9. Nucleus • Controls all the cell activities • Separates the genetic material (chromatin) from cytoplasm • Has many pores (nuclear pores) in the nuclear membrane for materials to enter & exit the nucleus Tr.Rez@SB2013

  10. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum • ER with ribosomes embedded on its surface • Synthesizes & transports proteins made by ribosomes • Present in large amounts in cell that makes protein • E.g. in gut cells that manufacture digestive enzymes Tr.Rez@SB2013

  11. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum • Does not have ribosomes • Synthesizes & transport lipids • Present in large amounts in cells that make lipids & steroids • E.g. cell of liver & testes Tr.Rez@SB2013

  12. Golgi Apparatus • Receives proteins from Rough ER, then modifies & combines the proteins with carbohydrates to form glyco-protein • Transport & stores lipids Tr.Rez@SB2013

  13. Mitochondrion • Forms the cell’s powerhouse • Produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy source for the cell Tr.Rez@SB2013

  14. Lysosomes • Generally for breaking down food and foreign materials • Digest proteins, lipids and carbohydrates • Transport undigested material to the cell membrane for removal Tr.Rez@SB2013

  15. Ribosomes • Are either attached to the ER or occur freely in the cytoplasm • Are small ‘protein factories’ for protein synthesize Tr.Rez@SB2013

  16. Chloroplast • Contain chlorophyll in the grana to “trap” sunlight energy • Functions: • Carry out photosynthesis in the chlorophyll of the grana Tr.Rez@SB2013

  17. Centrioles • Are found only in animals cells • Involved in cell division (mitosis & meiosis) • Migrate to the opposite poles of the cell (during cell division), produce spindle to assist the movement of chromosomes Tr.Rez@SB2013

  18. Vacuole • Generally for storage , digestion & waste removal • Central vacuole in plants for storage & cell expansion • Food vacuoles in amoeba for phagocytosis • Contractile vacuoles in paramecium expel water Tr.Rez@SB2013

  19. The Density of Certain Organelles in Relation to Functions of Specific Cells Tr.Rez@SB2013

  20. What are organelles? • “little organs” • Are tiny structures inside a cell that perform specific functions for the cell • 3 main functions of organelles: • Carry out their specialized functions: • E.g. Mitochondria; FUNCTION? • Acts as containers to separate parts of the cell from other parts • E.g. lysosomes • Sites for chemical reaction • E.g. Choloroplast Tr.Rez@SB2013

  21. Relationship between the Density & Functions of certain Organelles • Density of an organelles : • total number of that particular organelles within a cell • depends on the function of the cell • This is to make sure that the cell can perform its specialized functions well • E.g. • Cell that specialize in producing enzyme generally have more ER & ribosomes to synthesize protein & mitochondria to supply enough energy for its activities Tr.Rez@SB2013

  22. The density of mitochondria in active cells • Depends on: • The activity level of an organism • The more active an organism is, the higher its average density of mitochondria • The specific function of a particular cell • Cell of active tissues & organs have higher mitochondria densities • Active cells that have high mitochondria densities: • Sperm cells, flight muscle cells, meristemic cells, liver cells, kidney cells Tr.Rez@SB2013

  23. The density of Chloroplast in the Palisade Mesophyll Cells of Leaves • Palisade mesophyll of a leaf is : • the main photosynthesis tissue • Packed with chloroplast to trap sunlight needed to synthesize sugar during photosynthesis • Are arranged in a vertical position to optimise sunlight trapping Tr.Rez@SB2013

  24. HOMEWORK Tr.Rez@SB2013

More Related