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March 10 – Comp Gov

March 10 – Comp Gov. Agenda: Briefs Intro to Nigeria HW: Study for Giant Vocab Test. Take out: Briefs (Nigeria Group Notebook Pen/Pencil Homework. Nigeria. The national motto: “Unity in Diversity” The national question: “How is the country to be governed given its great diversity?”.

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March 10 – Comp Gov

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  1. March 10 – Comp Gov Agenda: • Briefs • Intro to Nigeria HW: • Study for Giant Vocab Test Take out: • Briefs (Nigeria Group • Notebook • Pen/Pencil • Homework

  2. Nigeria The national motto: “Unity in Diversity” The national question: “How is the country to be governed given its great diversity?”

  3. NigeriaBasics • Size≈ California + Oregon + Washington • Niger Delta≈ half the size of Washington • Population≈ 175 million • Life expectancy at birth≈ 52 years • GDP (PPP)≈ $478 billion • GDP per capita≈ $2,800 per year (up!) • Oil/Petroleum Products≈ 90% of exports

  4. Africa at Night

  5. Africa at Night

  6. NigeriaOil and Poverty Nigeria is eighth-largest oil producer in the world… …but has to import gasoline, has widespread power outages and fuel shortages $ 500 billion of oil extracted since 1970 ≈ $ 400 billion “lost” since 1960 (EFCC)

  7. Parastatals • Corporate enterprises owned by the state and established to provide specific commercial and social welfare services such as water, power, telecommunications, ag commodity boards, parts, and oil • Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC)

  8. NigeriaDangers of Oil Economic volatility (exports, incomes, budgets) Crowding out of non-mineral sectors (agriculture, manufacturing) Increasing inequality Inducing distributional conflict (rent-seeking, violence) Undermining democracy and governance (taxation, transparency, accountability)

  9. NigeriaDangers of Oil Economic volatility (exports, incomes, budgets) Crowding out of non-mineral sectors (agriculture, manufacturing) Increasing inequality Inducing distributional conflict (rent-seeking, violence) Undermining democracy and governance (taxation, transparency, accountability) “greed and grievance”

  10. Niger Delta Oil Fields Onshore fields Offshore fields

  11. Niger Delta at Night

  12. Gas Flares

  13. Nigeria- Conflicts Unemployment Environmental degradation (flaring, spillage) Resource contention Intra-/Inter-community conflict Protection rackets (private and public) Illegal oil bunkering and theft Kidnapping and hostage-taking

  14. Issues • Poverty – 70% live below poverty line • Large gap between rich and poor • Health issues – high rates of HIV/AIDS • Literacy – higher than for many nations in Africa but below world average • Urban/Rural Differences

  15. Prebendalism • Disbursing of public offices and state rents to one’s ethnic-based clients. • Prebendalism • deepened sectional cleavages • eroded the resources of the state • discouraged genuinely productive activity in civil society • expanded the class of individuals who live off state patronage • Transparency International lists Nigeria as one of the world’s most corrupt nations

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