United States History Unit 5: Clash of Beliefs and Ideals

1. United States History Unit 5: Clash of Beliefs and Ideals • The Civil War is one of the key events that formed America’s national character. This unit examines the causes and effects of the conflict and change of the American Civil War. It also provides a rich field for examining the role of individuals, groups and institutions in shaping history. It will also show how production, distribution and consumption help the economy to thrive as industry supports the war. The unit concludes with a focus on the beliefs and ideals of political reconstruction of the South and the struggles of newly freed African-Americans.

2. United States History Unit 5: Clash of Beliefs and Ideals • SSUSH8 The student will explain the relationship between growing north-south divisions and westward expansion. • a. Explain how slavery became a significant issue in American politics; include the slave rebellion of Nat Turner and the rise of abolitionism (William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and the Grimke sisters). • b. Explain the Missouri Compromise and the issue of slavery in western states and territories. • c. Describe the Nullification Crisis and the emergence of states’ rights ideology; include the role of John C. Calhoun and development of sectionalism. • d. Describe the war with Mexico and the Wilmot Proviso. • e. Explain the Compromise of 1850.

3. United States History Unit 5: Clash of Beliefs and Ideals • 1. THE ANTEBELLUM PERIOD • 2. THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR • 3. WHAT DO YOU KNOW?

4. ANTEBELLUM PERIOD • In United States history and historiography, "antebellum" is commonly used, in lieu of "pre-Civil War," in reference to the period of increasing sectionalism that led up to the American Civil War.

5. AMERICAN CIVIL WAR • The American Civil War (1861–1865), also known as the War Between the States and several other names, was a civil war in the United States of America. Eleven Southernslave states declared their secession from the U.S. and formed the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy).

6. REVIEW PRINCIPLES OF THE USC IMPORTANT YEARS 1)AMERICAN REVOLUTION 2)AMERICAN CIVIL WAR 3)WORLD WAR I 4)WORLD WAR II 1775-1783 1861-1865 1914-1918 1939-1945 United States History Unit 5: Clash of Beliefs and Ideals

7. United States History Unit 5: Clash of Beliefs and Ideals • 1. EMERGENCE OF 3 DISTINCT REGIONS IN THE USA • 1)NORTH • 2)SOUTH • 3)WEST • 2.MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN N. AND S. • 3.IN THE WEST, SETTLERS FROM N. AND S. MERGED TO CREATE CULTURE

8. UNITED STATES, 1861

9. CLASH OF BELIEFS AND IDEALS:ABOLITION • 1. Abolitionism was a movement to end the slave trade and emancipate slaves in western Europe and the Americas. • 2. 1820, End of slavery in the N. • 3. Many northerners, some southerners supported abolition. • 4. S., slavery; divisive issue between N. and S.

10. PROMINENT ABOLITIONISTS • 1. WHITE, BLACK, MEN, AND WOMEN • 2. WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON • 3. FREDERICK DOUGLASS • 4. SARAH AND ANGELINA GRIMKE

11. William Lloyd Garrison (December 12, 1805 – May 24, 1879) was a prominent Americanabolitionist, journalist, and social reformer. He is best known as the editor of the radical abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator, and as one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society. He promoted "immediate emancipation" of slaves in the United States. ABOLITIONISTS

12. Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, February 14, 1818  – February 20, 1895) was an American abolitionist, women's suffragist, editor, orator, author, statesman and reformer. He was a firm believer in the equality of all people, whether black, female, Native American, or recent immigrant. He was fond of saying, "I would unite with anybody to do right and with nobody to do wrong." ABOLITIONISTS

13. ABOLITIONISTS

14. SLAVERY • 1. POLITICAL ISSUE • 2. MOST WHITE SOUTHERNERS OPPOSED ABOLITION. • PRO-SLAVERY ARGUMENTS • 3. NECESSARY PART OF SOUTH FOR PLANTATION LABOR • 4. SOUTHERNERS…SLAVES TREATED WELL, BETTER THAN FACTORY WORKERS IN THE NORTH • 5. SLAVES BETTER OFF THAN FREE BLACKS

15. POLITICAL ISSUE OF SLAVERY • 1. MISSOURI COMPROMISE OF 1820 • 2. ORIGIN: DESIRE FOR STATEHOOD, PROSLAVERY V. ANTISLAVERY • 3. MISSOURI CONSTITUTION ALLOWED SLAVERY BUT IT UPSET BALANCE BETWEEN SLAVE AND FREE STATES IN USA • 4. TEMPORARY RESOLUTION: MAINE, FREE STATE, MISSOURI, SLAVE STATE (UNTIL THE NEXT STATE WANTED ENTRY INTO UNION) • 5. GREAT COMPROMISER, HENRY CLAY

16. Henry Clay, Sr. (April 12, 1777 – June 29, 1852) was a nineteenth-century American statesman and orator who represented Kentucky in both the House of Representatives and Senate. Known as "The Great Compromiser" and "The Great Pacifier" for his ability to bring others to agreement HENRY CLAY

17. SLAVERY, POLITICAL ISSUE • 1. NAT TURNER SLAVE REBELLION, 1831 • 2. HIS MISSION, FREE SLAVES (AFTER VIEWING A SOLAR ECLIPSE) • 3. 4 VIRGINIA PLANTATIONS; 60 WHITES KILLED • 4. TURNER EXECUTED. • 5. RESULT: NEW LAWS TO LIMIT ACTIVITY OF SLAVES

18. GROWING NORTH-SOUTH DIVISION • 1. NULLIFICATION CRISIS • 2. DEFINED: RIGHTS OF STATES TO NULLIFY (CANCEL) FED LAWS THEY OPPOSED • 3. ORIGIN: SOUTHERN STATES WANTED TO NULLIFY HIGH TARIFF (TAX) PASSED BY CONGRESS ON MANUFACTURED GOODS IMPORTED FROM EUROPE. • 4. SOUTH CAROLINA NULLIFIED THE TARIFF. • 5. VP JOHN C. CALHOUN V. PRES. ANDREW JACKSON • 6. CALHOUN RESIGNED TO LEAD SOUTHERN STATES • 7. RESULT: RISE OF SECTIONALISM, LOYALTY TO REGION OF NATION RATHER THAN NATION AND STATES’ SIGHTS, IDEA THAT STATES HAVE CERTAIN RIGHTS SEPARATE FROM FED AND FED CANNOT VIOLATE • 8. MOSTLY SOUTHERNERS • 9. OPPOSITION SAID: RESULT OF STATES’ RIGHTS WOULD LEAD TO MORE DIVISION, WARFARE • 10. HENRY CLAY, COMPROMISE, LESSEN TAX OVER 10 YEARS

19. NULLIFICATION, CALHOUN V. JACKSON

20. 1. WILMOT PROVISO The Wilmot Proviso, one of the major events leading to the Civil War, would have banned slavery in any territory to be acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War or in the future, including the area later known as the Mexican Cession CONTINUING POLITICAL CRISIS

21. CONTINUING POLITICAL CRISIS • 1. COMPROMISE OF 1850 • 2. ISSUE: ISSUE OF SLAVERY AND EXPANSION THREATENED SURVIVAL OF NATION • 3. RESULT: COMPROMISE OF 1850

22. COMPROMISE OF 1850 • The Compromise of 1850 was a series of bills aimed at resolving the territorial and slavery controversies arising from the Mexican-American War (1846–1848). • There were five laws that balanced the interests of the slave states of the South and the free states to the north.

23. PROVISIONS OF COMPROMISE OF 1850 • 1 Admission of State of Texas and organization of the Territory of New Mexico • 2 Organization of the Territory of Utah • 3 Admission of California to the Union • 4 Fugitive Slave Law • 5 Banned the slave trade from the District of Columbia, Washington D.C.

24. SEE MAP OF USA, EXPANSION OF FREE AND SLAVE STATES (WIKI, WILMOT PROVISO)

25. COMPROMISE OF 1850

26. WAR DURING CRISIS, THE MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR • 1. 1846-1848 • 2. CAUSES • 1) USA ADMITTED TEXAS TO UNION, AFTER REBELLING AGAINST MEXICO, NOT RECOGNIZED BY MEXICO • 2) USA WANTED NEW MEXICO AND CALIFORNIA, MEXICAN PROVINCES • 3. USA OCCUPIED N. MEX. • 4. RESULT: TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO, 2 FEB 1848

27. SUMMARY OF TREATY RESULTS • The cession that the treaty facilitated included parts of the modern-day U.S. states of Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Wyoming, as well as the whole of California, Nevada, and Utah. The remaining parts of what are today the states of Arizona and New Mexico were later ceded under the 1853 Gadsden Purchase, in which the United States paid an additional $10,000,000.

28. COMPLETION OF THE LOWER 48 STATES OF THE USA