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Behavioral theories

Behavioral theories. Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Social-Cognitive Theory. Theories of Development. Behavioral Theories. Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning Neutral stimulus paired with active stimulus to produce response. Watson’s Conditioning of ‘little Albert’

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Behavioral theories

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  1. Behavioral theories Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Social-Cognitive Theory

  2. Theories of Development Behavioral Theories • Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning • Neutral stimulus paired with active stimulus to produce response. • Watson’s Conditioning of ‘little Albert’ • Involuntary responses are learned. • Skinner’s Operant Conditioning • Consequences, rewards and punishment, shape behavior.

  3. Theories of Development Social Cognitive Theories • Bandura • Emphasizes observational learning. • Focus on reciprocal interactions among behavior, cognition, and environment (any one can influence the others). • Cognitive thought needed to imitate others.

  4. Theories of Development Bandura’s Social Cognitive Model

  5. Social-Cognitive Learning Theory Model: Conscious and Rational • Very compatible theory with the American culture. • No such thing as an unconscious. • Not going to tell you something about yourself that you don’t already know. • Does not challenge our beliefs as psychodynamic does. • Common sense approach. • Added the symbolic environment as opposed to just rewards and punishments.

  6. Social-Cognitive Learning Theory Reciprocal Determinism (causation) • Triangular Model: • Person • Internal personal factors such as cognitions, affective reactions, and biological processes. • Behavior • Overt behavior. • Environment • Actual Environment.

  7. Social-Cognitive Learning Theory Observational Learning: • Attention • Symbolic Representation • Transformation into Action • Motivational Incentive

  8. Social-Cognitive Learning Theory Self-Efficacy: • Persons belief in their ability to produce desired results from their own actions. Ways to develop Efficacy: • Mastery Experiences • Social Modeling • Social Persuasion • Physical and Emotional States and ability to read them This is not self-esteem.

  9. Social-Cognitive Learning Theory Important: • Very Simple • Expectancies • Person---Behavior---Consequence • The expectancy occurs between each step. • The first is self-efficacy: that you can perform a specific behavior in a specific situation. • The second is the outcome expectancy-you will receive what you are suppose to receive (reinforcement value).

  10. Social-Cognitive Learning Theory When negative behaviors do happen? Mechanisms of Disengagement: • Moral Justification • Euphemistic Labeling • Minimizing the consequences • Dehumanizing the victim • Blaming the victim • Someone else’s responsibility • Diffusion of responsibility

  11. Theories of Development Evaluating the Behavioral and Social Cognitive Theories • Contributions include: • Scientific research • Person and cognitive factors • Environmental determinants • Observational learning • Criticisms include: • Lack of focus on cognition • Too little attention to developmental changes • Overemphasis on environmental determinants

  12. Classical Conditioning • Creator: Ivan Pavlov

  13. Operant Conditioning • Creator: B.F. Skinner

  14. Learned Fear • Creator: John Watson

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