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English Grammar

English Grammar. Parts of Speech. Verbs. Pronouns. Prepositions. Nine Parts of Speech. articles. Nouns. Interjections. Adjectives. Adverbs. Conjunctions. A NOUN is a word that names. A Person (Proper). A Place (Proper). A Thing (Common). An Idea, feeling (Abstract).

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English Grammar

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  1. English Grammar Parts of Speech

  2. Verbs Pronouns Prepositions Nine Parts of Speech articles Nouns Interjections Adjectives Adverbs Conjunctions

  3. A NOUN is a word that names • A Person (Proper) • A Place (Proper) • A Thing (Common) • An Idea, feeling (Abstract) • A collection of things (collective) • A combination of two things (compound)

  4. Some clues You can identify a noun (and pronoun) if it is preceded by a, the, a preposition (to, by, with) a possessive adjective (his, their, her) Common endings for nouns: -ness,- tion, -y, -ment, -eity, -er, trix, tive, ory,

  5. You can make nouns out of the following words • dominate • domination • confess • confession • referee • Referee / reference • excite • excitement • happy • happiness • correct • correction • deliberate • Deliberation.

  6. The Verb A word that expresses action or expresses a state of being Verbs of being Action Verb of doing

  7. Every sentence must have a finite verb

  8. Kinds of Verbs • Action verbs express mental or physical action. • ‘Verbs to be’ make a statement by connecting the subject with a word that describes or explains it. He rode the horse to victory. He is Dutch.

  9. REMEMBER!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Am, is , are, were, was, have been, will be , WHEN THEY ARE ALONE, ARE ALL FINITE VERBS (they are only auxiliary verbs when they exist with another verb in a sentence)

  10. SUBJECTS • TO FIND A SUBJECT ASK “WHO” OR “WHAT” BEFORE THE VERB. JOHN RODE HIS BICYCLE “WHO” OR “WHAT” RODE THE BICYCLE? ANSWER = JOHN JOHN IS THE SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCE He, she, I, who, they, we, are always subjects

  11. THE FINITE VERB THE FINITE VERB MUST HAVE: A SUBJECT NUMBER (SINGULAR OR PLURAL) TENSE (PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE)

  12. INTRANSITIVE VERBS Do not take a direct object. • Transitive verbs take a direct object • He schemes with Simon about trying to overthrow the government He schemes about over throwing the government SIMON IS THE DIRECT OBJECT!

  13. AUXILIARY VERBS Auxiliary verbs help to form the main verb. They give the TENSETO THE VERB. May, might, should, could, will, shall, have, had, can, could have, should have Superham might have helped us if he had been quick enough

  14. The MOOD OF THE VERB • Indicative • Expresses fact or provides information • Imperative • Expresses instructions or commands • Subjunctive • Is used when something is unlikely or to express a wish, doubt or uncertainty

  15. The Pronoun The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns. It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea. Personal Pronouns I, me, mine you, your, yours she, her, hers, it, its we,us, our, ours they, them, their, theirs myself yourself Indefinite Pronouns Anybody Each everyone none someone, one, etc. Demonstrative Pronouns this that these those Interrogative Pronouns who whom what which whose Relative Pronouns That, who, which

  16. The Adjective Qualifies or describes a noun or pronoun. Answers these questions: Did you lose your address book? Which? Is that a wool sweater? What kind? Just give me five minutes. How many?

  17. Types of Adjectives • Descriptive adjective (what kind?) – describe the noun • Proper adjective – proper nouns used as adjective • Adjectives of quantity (how many?) – two/many/several/few children • Adjective of order (position) – he came first/second/third in the race • Demonstrative adjective (which one?) - this/that book • Possessive adjective (belonging to) – my/his/her/our computer • Interrogative adjective (which one?) – which/what/whose lesson • Compound adjective – adjectives joined by a HYPHEN

  18. The Adverb Modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Answers the questions: How? He ran quickly. When? She left yesterday. We went there. Where? It was too hot! To what degree or how much?

  19. The Preposition A preposition introduces a noun or pronoun or a phrase or clause functioning in the sentence as a noun. The word or word group that the preposition introduces is itsobject. They received a postcard from Bobby telling about his tripto Canada.

  20. The prepositionnever stands alone! noun object of preposition preposition pronoun object You can press those leaves underglass. preposition can have more than one object Her telegram toNina and Ralph brought good news. object can have modifiers It happened during the last examination.

  21. TYPES OF CONJUNCTIONS Co-ordinating, conjunctions Sub-ordinating Conjunctions The relative pronoun used as a conjunction

  22. Co-ordinating conjunctions And, but, yet,or,nor The happy and rich man danced and he raised a glass of champagne. Joins two things that are alike.

  23. Subordinating conjunctions if, when, though,although,then, after, because, so that, even, unless The clown will fall because he is not in a stable position. Links two clauses of unequal status

  24. The interjection is an exclamatory word that expresses emotion Goodness! What a cute baby! Wow! Look at that sunset!

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