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PERMAFROST Bob Carson June 2007. LAKE LINNEVATNET. THE ACTIVE LAYER IS FROZEN. ACTIVE LAYER. ACTIVE LAYER. PERMAFROST. YUKON. TERMS. PERMAFROST PERIGLACIAL PATTERNED GROUND POLYGONS PALS PINGO ROCK GLACIER THERMOKARST. YAKIMA HILLS. PROCESSES. FREEZE-THAW FROST CRACK
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PERMAFROSTBob CarsonJune 2007 LAKE LINNEVATNET
ACTIVE LAYER ACTIVE LAYER PERMAFROST YUKON
TERMS • PERMAFROST • PERIGLACIAL • \ • PATTERNED GROUND • POLYGONS • PALS • PINGO • ROCK GLACIER • THERMOKARST YAKIMA HILLS
PROCESSES • FREEZE-THAW • FROST CRACK • FROST SHATTER • FROST HEAVE • FROST SHOVE • FROST SORT • CREEP • SOLIFLUCTION • NIVATION BEARTOOTH MOUNTAINS
FROST CRACK • LOW-TEMPERATURE CONTRACTION ALASKA PHOTO BY RUTH SCHMIDT
FROST SHATTER • WATER EXPANDS DURING FREEZING VATNAJOKULL
KHARKHIRAA UUL FROST HEAVE FROST PUSH vs. FROST PULL CAIRNGORM
FROST SHOVE GREENLAND PHOTO BY W.E. DAVIES
FROST SORT SWEDISH LAPLAND PHOTO BY JAN BOELHOUWERS
CREEP SHARPE 1938
SOLIFLUCTION SOLIFLUCTION LOBES HANGAY NURUU
NIVATION NIVATION HOLLOWS PALOUSE HILLS
LANDFORMS WITH ICE ALASKA PHOTO BY SKIP WALKER
AUFEIS KHARKHIRRA UUL HANGAY NURUU
ICE WEDGES sis.agr.gc.ca/.../ground
ICE-WEDGE POLYGONS res.agr.canada
PALSEN HANGAY NURUU
PALSEN FIELD OGILVIE MOUNTAINS
PINGOES BEAUFORT COAST ALASKA PHOTO BY H.J.A. Berendsen ougseurope.org/rockon/surface/img
PINGOES IN CANADIAN ARCTIC www.mbari.org www.rekel.nl www.arctic.uoguelph.ca VICTORIA ISLAND PHOTO BY A. L. WASHBURN
ROCK GLACIERS GALENA CREEK
ROCK GLACIERS GALENA CREEK
ROCK GLACIERS GRAYWOLF RIDGE
THERMOKARST YUKON
THERMOKARST ALASKA
ICE-WEDGE TRENCH YUKON
ICE-WEDGE TRENCH ALASKA PHOTO BY JOE MOORE
BEADED DRAINAGE ALASKA PHOTO BY RUTH SCHMIDT
THAW LAKES PRUDOE BAY
THAW LAKES ALASKA PHOTO BY ART REMPEL
MORE PERIGLACIAL LANDFORMS SPITSBERGEN PHOTO BY BEN SCHUPACK WHITMAN ‘07
BLOCK FIELDS RINGING ROCKS
BLOCK SLOPES BLOCK FIELD TALUS BLOCK SLOPE ELKHORN MOUNTAINS
BLOCK STREAMS SAN FRANCISCO MOUNTAINS 11 June 2007
BLOCK STREAMS HANGAY NURUU
CRYOPLANATION TERRACES HANGAY NURUU
CRYOPLANATION TERRACES NIVATION TOR SOLIFLUCTION HANGAY NURUU
PATTERNED GROUND:COMPONENTS FINES STONES HANGAY NURUU
PATTERNED GROUND:COMPONENTS STONES: PEBBLES COBBLES BOULDERS FINES: CLAY, SILT, SAND HANGAY NURUU
PATTERNED GROUND: CLASSIFICATION • SLOPE: HORIZONTAL± vs. SLOPING • SORTING: SORTED vs. NONSORTED KHARKHIRAA UUL BEARTOOTH MOUNTAINS
SORTED STONE STRIPES SLOPES YAKIMA HILLS
NONSORTED STONE STRIPES SEWARD PENINSULA PHOTO BY RUTH SCHMIDT
STONE STEPS = TERRACETTES • GEOLOGIC? MASS WASTING? • BIOLOGIC? LARGE MAMMALS? IMNAHA