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Security from crime

Security from crime. Bratislava, 5-7 May 2003 Stein Terje Vikan Statistical Division UNECE. Summary. Why count crimes? Where get the data Presentation of indicators Alternative sources of crime statistics. Security from crime. Violent crimes recorded per 100 000 population

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Security from crime

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  1. Security from crime Bratislava, 5-7 May 2003 Stein Terje Vikan Statistical Division UNECE

  2. Summary • Why count crimes? • Where get the data • Presentation of indicators • Alternative sources of crime statistics NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003

  3. Security from crime • Violent crimes recorded per 100 000 population • White-collar crimes recorded per 100 000 population • % of recorded crimes in which the offender is convicted • Drug related crimes per 100 000 population NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003

  4. 3 possible units • Criminal acts/crimes • Good picture of criminal activities • Not all crimes have clear victims (e.g. corruption) • Offenders • Demographic characteristics of criminals • Victims • Demographic characteristics of victims NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003

  5. Why count crimes? • It is the most common used and most available • Statistics on victims would be very useful to map personal security, but… • Very few countries have good data on this • Therefore: focus on crimes • Because this gives a good picture of the magnitude of criminal activities NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003

  6. Crimes recorded by the police • Collected by: • National Statistical Offices • Ministry of Justice • Some problems: • Underreporting • Bias • Inside the police • Among victims and witnesses NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003

  7. Violent Crimes recorded per 100 000 population • Should include: - Homicide - Attempted murder - Robbery - Kidnapping - Sexual assault - Sexual abuse - Major assault - Abduction - Common assault NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003

  8. White collar crimes recorded per 100 000 population • No authoritative definition • Closest grouping in the UN manual is Property crimes, including: Fraud, possession of stolen property and mischief, but also theft • Definition should include: corruption, bribes, forged documents, fraud, embezzlement NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003

  9. % of recorded crimes in which the offender is convicted • Need to ensure consistent way of counting • To highlight prioritisations in the justice system – differentiate between different types of crime NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003

  10. Drug related crimes per 100 000 population • Should include both trafficking in and possession of drugs • The most available of the 4 indicators NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003

  11. Other sources of crime statistics • Interpol • United Nations Surveys on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems • The International Crime Victim Survey • The International Violence Against Women Survey • The International Crimes Against Business Survey NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003

  12. Interpolwww.interpol.com • Additional potential source • Refers to police records • Collected via country reporting • Not corresponding categories, but alternative indicators are possible NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003

  13. Interpolwww.interpol.com • Coverage: • All countries in the region covered • Most years from 1995-2002 (Most countries at least up to 2000 • Continuously updated NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003

  14. United Nations Surveys on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systemshttp://www.uncjin.org/Statistics/WCTS/wcts.html • Additional potential source • Refers to police records • Collected via country reporting • Not corresponding categories, but alternative indicators are possible • More detailed than Interpol • Gives also information on prosecutions and convictions NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003

  15. United Nations Surveys on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systemshttp://www.uncjin.org/Statistics/WCTS/wcts.html • Coverage: • Countries participating: Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Macedonia, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, • Only benchmark years: 1989, 1992, 1996/7, 2000/01 NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003

  16. The International Crime Victim Surveyhttp://www.unicri.it/icvs/ orhttp://ruljis.leidenuniv.nl/group/jfcr/www/icvs/Index.htm • Focus on victims, not crimes!! • Not corresponding categories, but many similar • Same methodology for all countries • Includes crimes not reported to the police • Can give a picture of proportion of crimes that get reported to the police • Has some data on corruption NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003

  17. The International Crime Victim Surveyhttp://www.unicri.it/icvs/ orhttp://ruljis.leidenuniv.nl/group/jfcr/www/icvs/Index.htm • Coverage: • Covers only capital city in our region!! • Therefore cannot give picture for the whole country • Participating countries: Albania (Tirana), Bulgaria (Sofia), Croatia (Zagreb), Macedonia (Skopje), Romania (Bucharest), Slovakia (Bratislava), Serbia and Montenegro (Belgrade) • Benchmark years: 1992, 1996/97, 2000/01 NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003

  18. The International Violence Against Women Surveyhttp://www.unicri.it/ivaws.htm • Problem with underreporting • Currently data collection is going on, no results clear yet • Coverage: • Currently only Serbia and Montenegro (Belgrade) NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003

  19. The International Crimes Against Business Surveyhttp://www.unicri.it/Crimes%20against%20business.htm • In the making • Few countries participate • But potential useful source in the future on White-collar crimes NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003

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