Health Psychology

Health Psychology Chapter 3: Seeking Health Care

I. Theories of Healthy Behaviors • Health Belief Model • Theory of Reasoned Action • Theory of Planned Behavior • Self-Regulation Theory • Precaution Adoption Process Model • Transtheoretical Model

Health Belief Model • Susceptibility to disease • _____________ of disease • Benefits of behaviors • Barriers to behaviors • Problems: ignores SES, ethnicity, access to health care, social norms, good intentions

Theory of Reasoned Action • Attitude toward behavior • Subjective norm • DFN: perception of social pressure • Motivation to comply • ___________________ • Prob: ignores ethnicity, SES, access to health care

Theory of Planned Behavior • Theory of Reasoned Action + Perceived ______________

Self-Regulation Theory(Bandura’s social cognitive theory) • Behavior • Environment all interact • Personal Factors • e.g., cognition • DFN: reciprocal determinism = interaction of factors, all have effects on ______________________

Precaution Adoption Process Model (Weinstein’s) • 7 stages: • ________________ • aware but believe not at risk (optimistic bias) • accept personal risk & idea of precaution • action • (believe action is unnecessary) • made changes • maintain changes

Transtheoretical Model (Prochaska’s) • 5 stages of behavior change: • precontemplation • contemplation • preparation • action • ___________________

II. Seeking Medical Attention • DFN: Illness behavior = ______________, determining health status • DFN: Sick role behavior = ____________, trying to get well

A. Illness Behavior • Personal reluctance • don’t want to see a doctor • Social & demographic factors • Less likely to see dr: men, poor, young, *Tuskegee • ______________________ • visible, severe, interfering, persistent • Personal view of illness

Views of Illness • Develop as we mature: • “magic” • contagion • personal _______________________ • interaction of bio, psych, & social

Conceptualizing Illness(Leventhal) • 4 components: • identify/label • time course (of disease & tx) • consequences • cause • People feel less anxious & helpless when they _________________

B. Sick Role Conceptualizations • Parson’s- Typical __________________: • can’t be blamed for being sick • relieved of normal responsibilities • will try to get well • Segall’s (alternative ideas) • right to make health decisions • right to be relieved of normal responsibilities • duty to use variety of health care resources

C. Choosing a Practitioner • What’s important? • ___________________ • ___________________ • ___________________

III. Being in the Hospital • The Hospitalized Patient Role • Nonperson Tx = ______________

Lack of info • Leventhal’s 4 • Loss of control • __________________ = every aspect of person’s life is managed (e.g., eating, sleeping, schedule)

“Good” vs. “Bad” Patient • Good: • quiet • submissive • obedient • Pros: maybe better care, well liked, expect.s • Cons: helplessness, uninvolved, pt & staff may miss info

Bad: • demanding • insist on info • aware of rights • Pros: may be a psych. healthy response, better informed • Cons: rebellious self-sabotage, staff angry & ignoring

Stressful Medical Procedures- Coping • Information • Relaxation Training • _______________

Health Psychology