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RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION

RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION. AND THE LEGACY OF RECONSTRUCTION. ANDREW JOHNSON SURVIVES IMPEACHMENT . BY A VOTE OF 35 TO 19 EDMUND ROSS REFUSES TO YIELD TO POLITICAL PRESSURE. SAVE THE PRINCIPLE OF “SEPARATION OF POWERS” BUT JOHNSON IS WEAKENED. U.S. GRANT IS ELECTED IN 1868.

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RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION

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  1. RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION AND THE LEGACY OF RECONSTRUCTION.

  2. ANDREW JOHNSON SURVIVES IMPEACHMENT. • BY A VOTE OF 35 TO 19 • EDMUND ROSS REFUSES TO YIELD TO POLITICAL PRESSURE. • SAVE THE PRINCIPLE OF “SEPARATION OF POWERS” • BUT JOHNSON IS WEAKENED.

  3. U.S. GRANT IS ELECTED IN 1868 • CONGRESS BECOME DOMINATE • NO MORE CONFLICT BETWEEN PRESIDENT & CONGRESS. • JOHNSON RETURNS TO TENN. & 5 YEARS LATER IS ELECTED TO THE SENATE

  4. GRANT IS WAR HERO • NO POLITICAL EXPERIENCE • SLOGAN: “LET US HAVE PEACE.” • DEMOCRATS NOMINATE HORATIO SEYMOURE “COPPERHEAD” GOVERNOR OF NEW YORK. • ELECTORAL VOTE 214 TO 80

  5. LESSON OF THE ELECTION • REPUBLICANS NEED FREEDMAN’S VOTE • MUST PREVENT WHITE VOTING. • THE KEY TO CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION IS BLACK SUFFRAGE. • REUBLICANS NEED BLACK VOTES TO CONTROL SOUTHERN STATES.

  6. MORE… • 14TH AMENDMENT INDIRECTLY PROMOTES BLACK VOTING • RECONSTRUCTION ACT OF 1867 REQUIRES BLACK SUFFRAGE AS PREREQUISTE FOR READMISSION TO THE UNION.

  7. MORE... • IRONICALLY SOME NORTHERN STATES DENY BLACKS THE VOTE. • CONGRESS PROPOSES THE 15TH AMENDMENT RATIFIED IN 1870 • VOTE CANNOT BE DENIED BASED ON RACE, COLOR,…

  8. GRANT AS PRESIDENT • CABINET WEAK & CORRUPT • HAMILTON FISH SEC OF STATE, SOLE EXCEPTION • GRANT NOT PERSONALLY CORRUPT, BUT LOOKED OTHER WAY TO PROTECT FRIENDS

  9. SCANDALS • JIM FISK & JAY GOULD – THE ERIE RAILROAD DEAL. • VANDERBILT WANTS CONTROL OF THE ERIE R.R. • “WATERING OF STOCK.”: PRINTED AND SOLD MORE STOCK WITHOUT ADDING ASSETS TO THE RAILROAD

  10. MORE SCANDALS.. • FISK & GOULD TRY TO CORNER GOLD MARKET • SEPT 24TH, 1869 • GRANT PROMISES TO HELP. • DROVE GOLD PRICES UP, THEN SOLD SHORT • INVESTIGATION CONCLUDES: “GRANT NOT CROOK, JUST STUPID.”

  11. SANTA DOMINGO • GRANT WANT TO ANNEX SANTA DOMINGO AS HAVEN FOR BLACKS • SEN. SUMNER BLOCKS PLAN • GRANT HAS HIM STRIPPED OF POWER.

  12. WILLIAM MARCY TWEED • POLITICAL “BOSS” OF N.Y. CITY • PRINCIPLES: “ADDITION, DIVISION, & SILENCE.” • ROBBED MILLIONS FROM TAXPAYERS

  13. TWEED VS THOMAS NAST • POLITICAL CARTOONIST N.Y. TIMES • TWEED OFFERS $5 MILLION BRIBE. • NAST SAYS NO! • TWEED FLEES TO SPAIN • CAPTURED WHEN GUARD RECOGNIZES HIM FROM NAST CARTOON.

  14. SAM TILDEN CONVICTS TWEED • TWEED GOES TO JAIL • TILDEN WIN NATIONAL RECOGNITION • BECOMES DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE IN 1876

  15. MORE CORRUPTION • THE CREDIT MOBILIER 1867-1872 • UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD PHONY CONSTRUCTION COMPANY • GRANTS VICE PRESIDENT IS LINKED TO CORRUPTION • GRANT PROTECTS HIM

  16. THE WHISKEY RING • GRANT’S SECRETARY ORVILLE BABCOCK INVOLVED. • GRANT PROTECTS HIM.

  17. FOREIGN POLICY PROBLEMS • CUBAN REBELLION 1868 • THE VIRGINIUS AFFAIR • SPANISH EXECUTE AMERICAN GUN RUNNERS • GRANT THREATENS WAR. • FISH MAKES DEAL

  18. THE ALABAMA CLAIM • U.S. CLAIMS BRITISH OWE $ FOR DAMAGES DONE BY THE ALABAMA • FISH GET $15.5 MILLION • WE USE THREAT TO ARM IRISH TO CONVINCE THE BRITISH

  19. ELECTION OF 1872 • LIBERAL REPUBLICANS REVOLT • NOMINATE HORACE GREELEY • PROMISES TO END CORRUPTION • DEMOCRATS ENDORSE GREELEY • PROMISES TO “CLOSE THE BLOODY CHASM.”

  20. MORE…. • REPUBLICANS RE-NOMINATE GRANT • “WAVE THE BLOODY SHIRT.” • ATTACK GREELEY AS “BROWN BREAD EATER.” • DESPITE SCANDALS GRANT WINS 286 TO 66 • GREELEY IS RUINED AND DIES SHORTLY AFTER ELECTION

  21. SOUTHERN COUNTER ATTACK • “CARPET BAGGERS” • “SCALAWAGS” • KKK • KNIGHTS OF THE WHITE CAMILLA • GOAL TO RE-ESTABLISH WHITE SUPREMACY

  22. CONGRESS RESPONDS • THE ENFORCEMENT ACT OF 1870 • PROTECT BLACK VOTERS • FEDERAL SUPERVISION OF SOUTHERN ELECTIONS • SUSPENDS HABEAS CORPUS TO DEAL WITH THE KLAN • IN 1869 THE FREEDMAN’S BUREAU DIES

  23. ELECTION OF 1876 • HAYES FOR THE REPUBLICANS • TILDEN FOR THE DEMOCRATS • IT TAKES 185 ELECTORAL VOTES TO WIN • TILDEN HAS 184 AND A CLEAR MAJORITY IN THE POPULAR VOTE. • BUT 4 STATES HAVE DISPUTED BALLOTS

  24. WHAT TO DO? • CONGRESS FORMS THE COMMITTEE OF 15 • APPOINTS 7 REPUBLICANS • AND 7 DEMOCRATS • 1 INDEPENDENT • CAN NOT FIND AN INDEPENDENT TO SERVE.

  25. THE COMPROMISE OF 1877 • HAYES BECOMES PRESIDENT • RECONSTRUCTION ENDS • PATRONAGE IS DIVIDED BETWEEN THE PARTIES • FEDERAL TROOPS ARE WITHDRAWN • THE FREEDMEN ARE ABANDONED.

  26. REDEMPTION BEGINS • FIRST GOAL STOP BLACK VOTING. • TACTICS: • KKK AND PHSICAL INTIMIDATION • SHARE CROPING & ECONOMIC INTIMIDATION • POLL TAXES • THE GRANDFATHER CLAUSE • LITERACY TESTS

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