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Öronfysik

Öronfysik. Fysiska processer från ljudvågor i luften till nervsignaler från örat. Sverker Johansson. Örats anatomi. Principskiss av örat. Hörselbenen. Hammaren, Städet, Stigbygeln Hammaren sitter fast i trumhinnan, och tar emot ljud. Rörelsen fortplantas via Städet till Stigbygeln.

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Öronfysik

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  1. Öronfysik Fysiska processer från ljudvågor i luften till nervsignaler från örat. Sverker Johansson

  2. Örats anatomi

  3. Principskiss av örat

  4. Hörselbenen • Hammaren, Städet, Stigbygeln • Hammaren sitter fast i trumhinnan, och tar emot ljud. • Rörelsen fortplantas via Städet till Stigbygeln. • Stigbygeln trycker på Ovala Fönstret till innerörat. • Kombination av kolvar och hävarmar som ger ca 15 ggr tryckförstärkning • Impedansmatchning

  5. Animerat ljud i örat • Trumhinnan sätter hörselbenen i rörelse. • Stigbygelns rörelse ger en tryckvåg in i snäckan • Vågtopp på visst ställe, olika för olika frekvenser

  6. Innerörat i närbild

  7. Hårceller i närbild

  8. Localization of Vibration on Basilar Membrane • B. Membrane contains 30,000 hair/nerve cells along 35 mm length • Each octave is an  equal shift of  3.5 mm • Each pure tone is localized to a Critical Band of  1.2 mm. • Each pure tone excites  1300 hair cells covering a 15% frequency range (< minor third).

  9. Auditory Processing • Each auditory nerve cell is a little oscillator, tuned to respond to vibrations in a narrow frequency band corresponding to the nerve’s position on the Basilar Membrane. • Each auditory nerve cell fires on/off in phase with sound stimulus—provided the amplitude of vibration of the hair/nerve is above threshold. • Brain receives frequency & phase information from firing of nerves and frequency information from pattern of which nerves fire. • Expect brain can resolve position and width of pure tone distribution to 1/20 of full width = 0.06 mm  frequency ratio 1.01  29 cents: Just Noticeable Difference (JND)

  10. Hårceller före och efter ett besök på Kåren

  11. Örats känslighet

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