190 likes | 549 Views
The English Civil War & The Restoration. World History 10A. Charles I. Inherited the English throne from his father, King James Both believed in divine right Signed the Petition of Right in 1628, then ignored it
E N D
The English Civil War & The Restoration World History 10A
Charles I • Inherited the English throne from his father, King James • Both believed in divine right • Signed the Petition of Right in 1628, then ignored it • Petition of Right states that taxes cannot be passed without Parliament’s permission • Limited the power of King Charles, he thinks it gives the idea that the law is higher than the king • Charles I begins imposing lots of fees and fines • He also imposes more religious ritual, which puritans refuse to accept and instead go to America • Puritans – Protestants in England inspired by Calvinism • Complaints grow until the English Civil War begins
Civil War 1642-1649 • Cavaliers or Royalists – those loyal to King Charles I • Roundheads – those loyal to Parliament • Both sides fought, but neither side could gain an advantage until General Oliver Cromwell • Oliver Cromwell was a military genius • Well trained and well-disciplined army called “The New Model Army” • The New Model Army was made up mostly of extreme Puritans that believed they were doing battle for God • The New Model Army defeats the Cavaliers • Charles I is captured, tried for treason, and executed in 1649
The Restoration • Cromwell destroyed Parliament after executing the king • Set up a military dictatorship • Ruled England until his death in 1658 • Parliament restored the monarchy (more than a year after Cromwell’s death) • Charles II – son of Charles I, became king • The Restoration – the period of Charles II’s reign during which he restored the monarchy and things the Puritans had banned
James II • Brother of Charles II, becomes king in 1685 • Flaunts his Catholicism • Appoints Catholics to high positions in government, army, navy, university • Parliament objects to his policies but does not rebel • James’ heirs are his two Protestant daughters, Mary and Anne • James has a son, born to his second wife, a Catholic • This means it is possible the Catholic monarchy will continue
A Glorious Revolution • Mary’s husband, William of Orange (Dutch leader), is invited to invade England by a group of English noblemen • William and Mary raise an army • James II, his wife, and infant son flee to France • There is almost no bloodshed in this “glorious revolution” • Parliament offers the throne to William and Mary • They accept the throne • They also accept a Bill of Rights
Bill of Rights • The Bill of Rights says… • Parliament has the right to make laws and levy taxes • Standing armies can only be raised with Parliament’s consent • Citizens can carry arms • Habeas corpus – all prisoners have the right to a jury trial • Basically this makes it impossible for kings to oppose or do without Parliament • Constitutional Monarchy – the power of the rulers is limited by laws • The Bill of Rights makes William king by the grace of Parliament, not God • Destroys the idea of divine right in England
Toleration Act of 1689 • Passed by Parliament • Toleration Act of 1689 grants Puritans, but not Catholics, the right of free public worship • Regardless, few English citizens are ever again persecuted because of religion